寒冷地区民居构造方式节能与碳排放分析——以兰州某民居为例

Analysis on energy saving and carbon emission of residential building structures in cold zones--Taking a residential house in Lanzhou as an example

农村建筑量大且较为分散,涉及因素较多,建造方式多样,建造水平参差不齐。农村建筑的碳排放量较大,是影响建筑行业实现双碳的主要内容之一。本文以兰州某民居为例,对其建造方式进行对比研究。传统建造方式材料用量大,使用的材料生产及运输碳排放量约为366.72kgCO_(2)e/m^(2),建筑墙体传热系数1.14W/(m^(2)·K),远高于节能设计标准要求,热工性能差。通过外墙保温、屋顶保温、窗户升级改善等优化保温结构建造方式,建造成本增加195.5元/m^(2),所用材料的生产及运输碳排放量约为349.67kgCO_(2)e,单位建筑面积减碳量为17.05kgCO_(2)e/m^(2)。增量成本减碳效益为870kgCO_(2)e/万元。围护结构传热系数0.45W/(m^(2)·K),优于节能设计标准要求。建筑本体节能率达到58%,耗热量指标达到10.0 W/m^(2),为应用非碳基新能源进一步降低建筑运行过程碳排放量奠定了基础。

The rural construction volume is large and relatively scattered,involving many factors.The carbon emissions of rural buildings are relatively high,which is one of the main factors of the construction industry to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality.The traditional construction method requires a large amount of materials,and the carbon emission of the production and transportation of materials is about 366.72kgCO_(2)e/m^(2).The heat transfer coefficient of the building wall is 1.14W/(m^(2)·K),which is far higher than the requirements of energy-saving design standards,and the thermal performance is poor.By optimizing the construction method of thermal insulation structure through external wall insulation,roof insulation,window upgrading,the construction cost increases by 195.5yuan/m^(2),the carbon emissions of the production and transportation of the materials used are 349.67kgCO_(2)e,and the carbon reduction per unit building area is 17.05kgCO_(2)e/m^(2).The incremental cost of carbon reduction benefit is 870kgCO_(2)e/10000yuan.The heat transfer coefficient of building envelope is 0.45W/(m^(2)·K),which is much better than the requirements of energy-saving design standards.The building energy efficiency improvement rate reaches 58%,and the heat consumption index reaches 10.0W/m^(2).It also lays a foundation for the application of non-carbon-based new energy in the next step to further reduce the carbon emissions of building operation process.