对《民法典》一般人格权条款之规范性分析

A Normative Analysis of the General Personality Rights Clause in the Civil Code

通常认为,一般人格权概念起源于德国,德国法将“人的尊严”及“人格自由发展”作为一般人格权的核心价值。我国《民法典》没有照搬这种说法,而是以概括的方式规定了基于人身自由及人格尊严而产生的一般人格权。一般人格权条款是一种框架性条款,而一般人格权是一种受民法保护的法益,包含“人格尊严”及“人身自由”两大核心价值。具体来说,人格尊严一方面指主体请求法律保护其民事权利能力的能力,另一方面指主体因其民事权利能力而受法律保护的人格权益抽象总和;人身自由指每个人在全部社会生活中一切与人格尊严实现有关系的所有人身自由。其中,人格尊严乃人身自由的渊源性价值,其为人身自由提供了正当化理由及方向指引。

It is commonly believed that the concept of general personality rights originated in Germany,where the German laws consider"human dignity"and"free development of personality"as the core values of general personality rights.The Civil Code of China does not directly adopt this view,but rather stipulates in a comprehensive manner that personality rights are derived from personal freedom and dignity.The clause on general personality rights serves as a framework provision,and general personality rights are legal interests protected by civil law,encompassing two core values:"dignity of personality"and"personal freedom."Specifically,the former refers to an individuals ability to request legal protection of their civil rights capacity on one hand,and on the other hand,it denotes the abstract sum of personality rights protected by law due to their civil rights capacity.The latter refers to every individuals freedom of all kinds related to the realization of human dignity in all aspects of social life.Human dignity is the originating value of personal freedom,providing justification and directional guidance for it.