休渔渔民伏季休渔期的生计满意度及其影响因素分析——以浙江省舟山市为例

Analysis of livelihoodsatisfaction of fishermen and its influencing factors during the marine summer fishing moratorium period:taking Zhoushan City,Zhejiang Province as an example

“伏季休渔”政策的实施有效缓解了我国海洋渔业资源尤其是近岸海洋渔业资源的衰退趋势,但也在客观上影响了休渔渔民的生计。舟山市是传统的捕捞重镇,也是我国最早实施伏季休渔政策的地区之一。本文以浙江省舟山市为实证研究区域,基于424份伏季休渔渔民随机调查样本,采用生计满意度量表对其伏季休渔期的生计满意度水平进行了测度,采用回归模型揭示了伏季休渔期渔民生计满意度的影响机理。结果表明:(1)绝大部分休渔渔民对伏季休渔期的生计状况并不满意;满意的仅占全部受访休渔渔民的2.36%,有16.75%的受访休渔渔民表示对伏季休渔期的生计状况非常不满意;(2)造成休渔渔民伏季休渔期生计满意度水平低下的主要原因在于收入水平的断崖式下降;(3)休渔渔民伏季休渔期生计满意度水平主要受所在地伏季休渔期渔民扶助政策、自身专业技术水平、允许工作时间、家庭年收入、柴油补贴收入、家庭抚养比等因素影响,加入渔民社会组织等社会团体对其伏休期的生计满意度改善没有帮助。

The implementation of the policy"fishing moratorium in summer season"has effectively alleviated the decline trend of marine fishery resources in China,especially the nearshore marine fishery resources,but it hasobjectively affected the livelihood of the fishermen.Zhoushan City is a traditional fishing town,but also one of the earliest areas to implement the policy of summer fishing moratorium.This paper takes Zhoushan City of Zhejiang Province as the empirical research area,based on 424 random survey samples of fishermen who have closed to fishing in the summer season,adopts the livelihood satisfaction scale to measure their livelihood satisfaction level during the summer season,and adopts the regression model to reveal the influence mechanism of fishermen's livelihood satisfaction during the summer season.The results show that:(1)the vast majority of fishermen who are closed to fishing are not satisfied with their livelihood during the marine summer fishing moratorium period.;only 2.36%of all surveyed fishermen are satisfied,with 16.75%expressing great dissatisfaction with their livelihood during the marine summer fishing moratorium period;(2)the main reason for the low level of livelihood satisfaction among fishermen during the marine summer fishing moratorium period is the cliff like decline in income levels;(3)the livelihood satisfaction of the fishermen during the marine summer fishing moratorium periodis mainly affected byfactors such as the support policies for fishermen in the area,their professional and technical level,allowed working hours,annual family income,diesel subsidy income,and family dependency ratio.Joining social organizations such as fishermen's social organizations does not help improve their satisfaction with the livelihoods during the marine summer fishing moratorium period.