摘要
作为中国重要贸易水产品之一,贝类的适度进口对满足居民优质动物蛋白需求和丰富膳食结构具有现实意义。应用2015—2022年中国海关数据,在分析中国贝类进口总体情况、产品结构和国别特征基础上,明晰未来贝类产品进口的机遇和挑战,并提出对策建议。研究发现:中国贝类进口规模虽呈明显增长态势,但出口规模仍远大于进口规模;进口产品以扇贝为主(达80%)、来源以日本为主(超75%);国内高端贝类产品供给不足、全面深化改革开放等有利于贝类进口;同时,贝类进口贸易存在冲击国内贝类产业、质量安全不达标、关税壁垒和检验检疫机制需畅通等一系列挑战。世界百年未有之大变局下,中国应保持贝类适度进口、增加高端贝类进口以满足居民消费升级需求,同时拓宽进口渠道、加强进口产品的品质监控、提升进口便利化,以分散进口风险和提升贸易效率。
As one of the crucial trade aquatic products in China,the moderate import of shellfish holds practical significance in fulfilling residents'demand for high-quality animal protein and enriching the dietary structure.Grounded on the data of China Customs ranging from 2015 to 2022,this paper conducts an analysis of the overall situation,product structure,and country features of China's shellfish imports,clarifies the opportunities and challenges for shellfish imports in the future,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.The results indicate that although the import scale of China's shellfish presents a distinct growth trend,the export scale still far exceeds the import scale.The imported products are mainly scallops(up to 80%),and the source is mainly from Japan(exceeding 75%).The shortage of supply of high-end shellfish products and the comprehensive deepening of reform and opening up are conducive to shellfish imports.Meanwhile,the shellfish import trade confronts a series of challenges,such as the impact on the domestic shellfish industry,substandard quality and safety,tariff barriers,and inspection and quarantine mechanisms.Under the changes that occur once in a century in the world,China should maintain a moderate level of shellfish imports and increase the imports of high-quality and high-end shellfish to meet the escalating consumer demand of residents for consumption upgrading and make full use of global resources.At the same time,China should expand diversified import channels,enhance the quality control of imported products,and improve import facilitation to diversify import risks and enhance trade efficiency.
作者
赵琳涛
李雪
高翔
袁媛
刘子飞
ZHAO Lintao;LI Xue;GAO Xiang;YUAN Yuan;LIU Zifei(Wuxi Fishery College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu Wuxi 214000,China;Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China)
出处
《中国渔业经济》
2024年第5期87-96,共10页
Chinese Fisheries Economics
基金
湖州师范学院“两山”理念研究院2022年度重点专项课题(LSZ2203)
国家贝类产业技术体系(CARS-49)专项
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2023XT08,2022XT0804)等资助。
关键词
贝类进口
水产品贸易
适度进口
贸易战略
食品安全
shellfish imports
aquatic product trade
moderate import
trade strategy
food safety