新竞争优势导向下西部陆海新通道双向直接投资高质量发展的路径研究

Research on the ways to high-quality development of two-way direct investment of new western land-sea corridor under the guidance of new competitive advantages

双向直接投资对实现区域经济高质量发展和价值链攀升至关重要。随着共建“一带一路”倡议的提出和对外开放程度的加深,双向直接投资持续活跃,不仅为企业带来巨大的经济效益,同时能够在技术引进、效率提升等方面产生显著的溢出效应,有效赋能西部陆海新通道高质量建设。在高质量发展背景下,西部陆海新通道强调从经济、高效、便捷、绿色、安全五个方面进行高质量建设,在重新布局和整合国内外物流通道、新型基础设施赋能和贸易便利化等方面形成了新竞争优势。因此,围绕新竞争优势导向下西部陆海新通道双向直接投资高质量发展的内在机理、价值提升、短板分析以及实现路径的相关研究具有重要的理论与现实意义。文章基于2010—2021年中国东部、中部以及西部陆海新通道10省份的双向直接投资面板数据,从“数量”和“质量”两个维度研究西部陆海新通道双向直接投资高质量发展及其溢出效应。首先,通过分析国际贸易新竞争优势,识别西部陆海新通道双向直接投资提质增量的关键因素。然后,从通道物流效率、贸易便利化水平和新型基础设施建设三个方面分析双向投资高质量发展对西部陆海新通道新竞争优势的提升作用。其次,从“数量”和“质量”两个层面对双向直接投资的时空演进特征和区域差异进行深入分析,找出西部陆海新通道10省份双向直接投资短板。最后,根据研究结果为西部陆海新通道双向投资高质量发展提出针对性对策建议。研究表明,就目前西部陆海新通道10省份而言,双向直接投资在数量和质量方面都存在短板。与中国东部和中部省市相比,其数量短板主要体现在外商直接投资总量较少且增幅较小、对外直接投资增长速度慢且与东部地区差距较大;质量短板主要体现在外商直接投资环境负面效应突出、产业结构升级助力不明显、技术溢出效应不显著三方面以及对外直接投资水平偏低、政府支持和引导不足两方面。根据研究结论,建议依托贸易便利化、新型基础设施建设、发挥核心物流枢纽区位优势、培育企业对外直接投资核心竞争力、以规模效应带动要素资源高效聚集与流动实现西部陆海新通道双向直接投资提质增量。

Two-way direct investment is crucial to the realization of high-quality regional economic development and the upgrading of value chains.With the introduction of the“Belt and Road”initiative and the deepening of opening up,two-way direct investment continues to be active,which not only brings huge economic benefits to enterprises,but also generates significant spillover effects in terms of technology import and efficiency enhancement,and effectively empowers the high-quality construction of new western land-sea corridor.In the context of high-quality development,it emphasizes economical,efficient,convenient,environmental-friendly and safe high-quality construction of the corridor.And it has formed new competitive advantages in rearrangement and integration of logistics channels at home and abroad,new infrastructure empowerment and trade facilitation.Thus,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the internal mechanism,value enhancement,short board analysis and realization path of the high-quality development of two-way direct investment in new western land-sea corridor oriented by the new competitive advantages.Based on the panel data of two-way direct investment generated from east China,central China and 10 provinces or cities in the corridor from 2010 to 2021,this study investigates the high-quality development of two-way direct investment in the corridor and its spillover effects in terms of quantity and quality.Firstly,by analyzing the new competitive advantages of international trade,the key factors for improving the quality and quantity of two-way direct investment in the corridor are identified.Secondly,this paper analyzes the role of the high-quality development of two-way investment in improving the new competitive advantage of the corridor from three aspects of logistics efficiency,trade facilitation level and new infrastructure construction.Then,this paper deeply analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and regional differences of two-way direct investment in terms of quantity and quality,and shows the shortcomings of two-way direct investment in 10 provinces and cities in the corridor.Finally,based on the results of the study,targeted countermeasures are proposed for the high-quality development of two-way investment in the corridor.The study shows that there are shortcomings in both quantity and quality of two-way direct investment in the 10 provinces and cities of the corridor.Compared with the eastern and central China,its quantitative shortcomings are mainly reflected in the smaller and slower increase in the total amount of foreign direct investment,the slow growth rate of outward direct investment and the larger gap with the eastern region;the qualitative shortcomings are mainly reflected in the prominent negative environmental effects of foreign direct investment,the lack of obvious industrial structure upgrading assistance,and the lack of significant technological spillover effects,as well as the low level of outward direct investment,and the lack of government support and guidance.According to the conclusion of this paper,there are corresponding policy suggestions:trade facilitation,new infrastructure construction,full play of the regional advantages of core logistics hubs,cultivation of core competitiveness of enterprises’foreign direct investment,and scale effect efficient in the aggregation and flow of factors.