公平与效率:普惠性学前教育资源配置的双重价值追求

Balancing Fairness and Efficiency:Strategies for Resource Allocation in Inclusive Preschool Education in China

学前教育资源配置的公平与效率是我国新时代学前教育普惠高质量发展的核心要义和关键路径,也是我国新人口形势下学前教育可持续发展的内在需求与条件保障。通过对全国8132所普惠性幼儿园资源配置的公平与效率评估,发现我国普惠性学前教育资源配置的公平水平与效率水平均不佳,且内部存在显著的分化与交叉重叠现象;普惠性学前教育资源配置的公平与效率关系已经由对立转为统一。我国农村地区幼儿园资源配置的总体效率显著高于城市与县镇地区幼儿园;普惠性民办园资源配置的总体效率略高于教育部门办园与其他部门办园;西部地区幼儿园资源配置的总体效率稍高于东部与中部地区幼儿园。建议通过扩充资源来源与总量、优化资源配置机制、完善资源配置效果评估等措施,整体提升我国学前教育资源配置的公平与效率水平,确保我国学前教育健康稳定发展。

Fair and efficient resource allocation in preschool education is crucial for China’s inclusive,high-quality educational development and essential for sustainable growth amid changing demographics.This study evaluated resource allocation across 8,132 inclusive kindergartens in China,revealing significant disparities and inefficiencies in the current system.Key findings indicate that the relationship between fairness and efficiency in resource allocation has evolved from an opposing to a complementary dynamic.Notable patterns emerged across different contexts:rural kindergartens demonstrated higher resource allocation efficiency compared to urban and county institutions;private inclusive kindergartens slightly outperformed those managed by education departments;and western regions showed marginally better efficiency than eastern and central regions.To address these challenges,we recommend:(1)expanding and diversifying resource streams,(2)optimizing allocation mechanisms,and(3)implementing improved evaluation metrics for resource utilization.These recommendations aim to enhance both fairness and efficiency in China’s preschool education system,supporting its long-term sustainable development.