上海社区居家老年人认知功能障碍现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation on current status of cognitive dysfunction among community dwelling elderly people in Shanghai and analysis of its influencing factors

目的了解上海社区居家老年人的认知功能障碍流行水平,分析相关影响因素,为开展老年人群认知障碍干预工作提供循证依据。方法运用多阶段随机抽样方法,对上海市60岁及以上的5123名社区居家常住老人的基本情况及认知功能进行问卷调查。认知功能评估采用简易智力状态检查量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)。采用非平行广义有序Logit归模型开展单因素及多因素分析。结果纳入调查老人平均年龄为(71.5±7.3)岁;认知障碍阳性率为40.54%(95%CI:36.49%44.60%);高龄(80岁及以上)、很少锻炼是认知障碍的危险因素,高学历、退休前从事脑力劳动职业、未患糖尿病和神经系统疾病是认知障碍的保护因素。结论老龄认知障碍已成为上海市的主要公共卫生问题,应基于循证研究建立针对多因素的综合干预策略。

Objective To understand the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction among the community dwelling elderly people in Shanghai,and analyze its related influencing factors,so as to provide evidence-based support for the intervention of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly population.Methods Based on a multi-stage random sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted.The basic information and cognitive function of 5123 community elderly residents aged 60 and above in Shanghai were investigated.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to assess the cognitive function.The non-parallel generalized ordered Logit regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The average age of the elderly included in this survey was(71.5±7.3)years old.The positive rate of cognitive dysfunction was 40.54%(95%CI:36.49%--44.60%).Advanced age(80 years and above)and lower frequency of exercises were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction,while high educational level,occupation career of mental labor before retirement,without diabetes and nervous system diseases were protective factors for cognitive dysfunction.Conclusion Aging cognitive dysfunction has become a major public health problem in Shanghai,and comprehensive intervention strategies targeting multiple factors should be established based on relevant evidence-based research.