数字技术创新、能源偏向型技术进步与城市全要素能源效率

Digital Technology Innovation,Energy-Biased Technological Progress and Total Factor Energy Efficiency

数字技术创新通过改变资本和能源要素的配置,对能源偏向型技术进步产生影响,并且这种偏向型技术进步可能进一步影响全要素能源效率。本文采用2006—2021年中国275个地级及以上城市数据,利用双向固定效应模型实证检验数字技术创新对能源偏向型技术进步的影响效应及机制,并拓展分析能源偏向型技术进步的能源效率提升效应。研究发现:样本期内,我国城市的数字技术创新水平呈现逐年上升趋势;我国城市技术进步主要偏向资本,但偏向资本的程度在减弱,且我国城市能源和资本之间总体呈现替代关系。数字技术创新能够促进能源偏向型技术进步。数字技术创新能够通过促进能源消费绝对规模增加和相对规模增加,从而促进能源偏向型技术进步。数字技术创新对能源偏向型技术进步的影响在中部和西部地区显著,而在东部和东北部地区不显著。除数字产品服务业外,数字技术创新其他维度均能显著促进能源偏向型技术进步。拓展分析发现,当资本和能源为替代关系时,能源偏向型技术进步对全要素能源效率提升存在不利影响。

Digital technology innovation(DTI)affects energy-biased technological progress(EBTP)by changing the al⁃location of capital and energy factors,and EBTP further impacts total factor energy efficiency(TFEE).Based on the da⁃ta of 275 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 2006 to 2021,the two-way fixed effects model is used to empirically test the impact of DTI on EBTP and EBTP on TFEE.The findings are as follows:During the sample period,the level of DTI of Chinese cities shows an increasing trend;China’s urban technological progress is mainly biased to⁃wards capital,but the degree of capital bias is weakening,and there is an overall substitution relationship between energy and capital.DTI can promote EBTP.DTI can promote EBTP by increasing the absolute scale and relative scale of energy consumption.The impact of DTI on EBTP is significant in the central and western regions,but it is not significant in the eastern and northeastern regions.Besides digital products and services,other dimensions of DTI can significantly promote EBTP.Through extended analysis,we found that EBTP harms TFEE when there is a substitution relationship between energy and capital.