刺激响应型可注射水凝胶在药物控释领域的研究进展

Progress in Research of Stimulus-Responsive Injectable Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Release

可注射水凝胶作为一种新兴的智能生物材料,由于其可以精准植入组织部位,实现高靶向性原位成形、原位给药、无需手术、创口小等特点,在生物医学领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。这类水凝胶可以通过物理或化学交联形成,具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,通过负载活性物质,在药物递送、组织工程等生物医用领域大有可为。刺激响应型水凝胶在感受到环境刺激时会改变形状或体积。当pH值、温度、光照、电磁场或酶等条件发生变化时,它们的体积会膨胀或收缩,甚至发生降解。文中从内源性刺激(如pH值、温度、酶和葡萄糖)和外源性刺激(如光、电、磁场)2个方面,综述了刺激响应型可注射水凝胶的研究进展,重点介绍了内源性刺激(如pH值、温度、酶和葡萄糖)和外源性刺激(如光、电、磁场)相变机理、设计和合成策略及释药行为,并对可注射水凝胶开发中需应对的挑战与问题和未来发展提出了建议。

As an emerging intelligent biomaterial,injectable hydrogels have shown great application potentials in the biomedical field due to their characteristics of precise implantation into tissue sites,high-targeted in situ molding,in-situ drug delivery,no surgery,and small incisions.This kind of hydrogel can be formed by physical or chemical cross-linking,has good biocompatibility and biodegradability,and has great prospects in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and tissue engineering by carrying active substances.Stimulus-responsive hydrogels change shape or volume when they are sensed by an environmental stimulus.When conditions such as pH,temperature,light,electromagnetic fields,or enzymes change,their volume expands or contracts,and even degrades.In this paper,the research progress of stimulus-responsive injectable hydrogels was summarized from the aspects of endogenous stimuli(e.g.,pH,temperature,enzymes and glucose)and exogenous stimuli(e.g,light,electricity,magnetic field),focusing on the phase transition mechanism,design and synthesis strategies of endogenous stimuli(e.g,light,electricity,magnetic field)and exogenous stimuli(e.g,light,electricity,magnetic field),and suggestions on the challenges,problems and future development of injectable hydrogels were put forward.