成都市天府新区变应性鼻炎患儿变应原分布情况及影响因素分析

Distribution of Allergens and Influencing Factors of Children with Allergic Rhinitis in Tianfu New District,Chengdu

目的:分析成都天府新区变应性鼻炎(AR)患儿变应原类型及影响因素,为儿童AR防治提供依据。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年6月就诊于成都市第七人民医院天府院区、成都市双流区第一人民医院、成都天府新区华阳社区卫生服务中心的AR患儿300例为观察组,另选择同期于上述医院就诊的非AR儿童80例为对照组。分析AR患儿变应原分布情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析儿童患AR的影响因素。结果:学龄前组变应原阳性率前3位分别是蛋清/蛋黄、牛奶和尘螨/粉螨,学龄组变应原阳性率前3位分别是尘螨/粉螨、蛋清/蛋黄、牛奶。观察组患儿有家族史、有过敏史、饲养宠物、患支气管哮喘、无母乳喂养率高于对照组(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,家族史、过敏史、饲养宠物、合并支气管哮喘是儿童患AR的危险因素,母乳喂养是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:成都天府新区AR患儿主要吸入性变应原为屋尘、尘螨/粉螨、霉菌,主要食入性变应原为蛋清/蛋黄、牛奶、鳕鱼/鲑鱼/鲈鱼。家族史、过敏史、合并支气管哮喘、饲养宠物是儿童AR的独立危险因素,母乳喂养是保护因素。临床应根据上述情况进行针对性干预。

Objective:To analyze the types of allergens and influencing factors of children with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Tianfu New District,Chengdu,to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of AR in children.Methods:Three hundred children with AR attending the Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital Tianfu Hospital,Chengdu Shuangliu District First People's Hospital,and Chengdu Tianfu New District Huayang Health Service Center from January 2020 to June 2023 were selected as the observation group,and eighty non-AR children attending the above hospitals during the same period were also selected as the control group.The distribution of allergens in children with AR was analyzed,and the influencing factors of AR in children were analyzed by multifactorial logistic regression.Results:The top 3 allergen positives in the preschool group were egg white/egg yolk,milk,and dust mite/powder mite;the top 3 allergen positives in the school-age group were dust mite/powder mite,egg white/egg yolk,and milk.And the rates of children with family history,history of allergy,owning pets,suffering from bronchial asthma,and no breastfeeding in observation group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Logistic multifactorial regression analysis showed that family history,allergic history,pet keeping,and combined bronchial asthma were risk factors for AR in children,and breastfeeding was a protective factor(P<0.05).Conclusion:The main inhalant allergens in children with AR in Chengdu Tianfu New District were house dust,dust mites/powder mites,and molds,and the main ingestible allergens were egg whites/egg yolks,milk,and cod/salmon/seabass.Family history,history of allergy,comorbid bronchial asthma,and pet ownership are independent risk factors for AR in children,with breastfeeding as a protective factor.Clinical interventions should be targeted according to the above.