从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变——《旅行杂志》中的云南边疆民族认知变迁

The Evolution from the Concept of“Remote Ethnic Minority Groups”to“the Chinese Nation”as a Consensus:Changes in the Cognition of the Ethnic Groups in the Borderlands of Yunnan in Travel Magazine

在以《旅行杂志》涉滇内容为切入点的探讨中,可以看到从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变及内地对云南边疆民族认知变迁。近代中国,“华夷”观与“中华民族”说并存。民国以后,尤其抗战后“中华民族”说渐被认同,但“华夷”观仍有影响。新中国建立后,“劳动者”“建设者”取代“华夷”,认同基准重构。《旅行杂志》不同时期对云南民族形象呈现不同,抗战前是“远夷”,抗战时是“典范”,建国后是“劳动者”“建设者”。形象差异源于接触程度和观念转变。中华民族形成过程中各民族共同开拓疆域、缔造国家、书写历史、创造文化、培育精神,《旅行杂志》从一个微观视角反映了其凝聚融合过程。

Taking the Yunnan-related content in Travel Magazine as an entry point,this article explores the evolution from the concept of“remote ethnic minority groups”to“the Chinese nation”as a consensus and the changes in the inlanders’cognition of the ethnic groups in the borderlands of Yunnan.In early modern China,the concepts of“the Han group–the ethnic minority groups”and“the Chinese nation”coexisted.Since the period of the Republic of China,especially after the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the theory of“the Chinese nation”was gradually accepted,but the concept of“the Han group–the ethnic minority groups”still had its influence.After the founding of the People s Republic of China,because“laborers”and“builders”replaced“the Han group–the ethnic minority groups”,there was a reconstruction of their identity benchmark.Travel Magazine in different periods presented different images of the ethnic groups in Yunnan.Before the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,they were“remote ethnic minority groups”;during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,they were“models”;after the founding of the People s Republic of China,they were“laborers”and“builders”.The differences in their images stemmed from the degree of contact and the change in concepts.During the formation of the Chinese nation,all the ethnic groups of China jointly opened up the new territory,founded the country,wrote the national history,created the Chinese culture,and cultivated the spirit of the Chinese nation,whose process of cohesion and integration was microscopically reflected in Travel Magazine.