行政协议的单方行为司法审查方式及其问题——基于215份裁判文书的质性分析

Judicial Review of Administrative Agreements as Unilateral Acts and its Problems:A Qualitative Analysis of 215 Judgment Documents

我国行政协议司法审查长期以单方行为审查方式为主导,但在意思表示层面,单方行为概念难以囊括行政协议;在审查对象层面,行政协议适用合法性审查这一前提存在疑问;在权利保护方式层面,“客观化”的保护方式难言充分。对上述疑难,最高人民法院意图通过拆分行政协议为“单方行为”与“其他协议合意”加以解决。通过对215份裁判文书的考察,可以确认单方行为审查方式依旧通行于行政协议审查的司法实践。最高人民法院当下的做法尽管有助于部分争议解决,但在总体上未见明显成效。未来的行政协议应着力构建“性质二分,区分审查”的司法审查方式,改变以单方行为审查为主导的现状。

The judicial review of administrative agreements in China has long been dominated by the review of unilateral acts,but at the level of intent expression,it is difficult for administrative agreements to be covered by the concept of unilateral acts.At the level of the object of judicial review,there is a contradiction in the premise that the administrative agreement is applicable to the legality review.At the level of the protection of rights,it is difficult to prove that the“objectified”protection method is sufficient.In view of the above-mentioned difficulties,the Supreme People s Court intends to resolve the relevant problems by splitting the administrative agreement into a“unilateral act”and a“consensual agreement with other agreements”.Through the practical investigation of 215 judgment documents,the review of the unilateral act is still popular in the judicial practice of the review of the administrative agreement.Thus,the practice of the Supreme People s Court which is helpful for some dispute resolution has not achieved significant results on the whole.Future administrative agreements should focus on the construction of a judicial review method of“dichotomy of nature and differentiated review”,and reform the current review method of unilateral acts.