清同治朝重修圆明园事件中的话语互动研究

Discourse Interaction in the Event of Rebuilding Yuanmingyuan in Tongzhi Period of Qing Dynasty

话语的研究最新进展大多侧重于某个话语在产生后与其他话语的互动过程。在话语视角下考察清同治朝重修圆明园事件中的话语互动过程,同治帝提出的重修圆明园话语在受到王公大臣的劝谏抵制的同时被逐步消解,这是因为同治帝的重修圆明园话语并没有构建话语联盟。而王公大臣的劝谏话语,从重修事件的环境前提、重修的手段、圆明园的重新定位、同治帝的言行等进行了话语的反击,劝谏话语的发展呈现出从劝阻事件本身发展到对同治帝自身行为的教导,这些话语构成了一个劝诫话语联盟。而同治帝只能用以尽孝思、复回旧制的理由和手中皇权来强硬抵制王公大臣的劝谏话语,最终是同治帝下诏停修圆明园。

The recent discourse studies often focus on how a certain kind of discourse interacts with other kinds after it is produced.This study intends to describe and explain the discourse interaction in the event of rebuilding Yuanmingyuan in the period of Emperor Tongzhi of Qing Dynasty from the perspective of discourse.It is found that the reason why the rebuilding discourses proposed by Emperor Tongzhi was resisted and then deconstructed by discourses of princes and ministers is that Emperor Tongzhi has not added new narration and constructed discourse coalitions in the discourse interaction with the princes and ministers,but relies only on the emperor power to promote the garden work;on the contrary,the princes and ministers challenge the prem￣ise of this event,deny the means of the reconstruction work,reconstruct the identity of Yuanmingyuan and fi￣nally ask for a kind of change of Tongzhi’s speech and action.The above discourses have developed into dis￣course coalitions of remonstration.However,Emperor Tongzhi could only use the reasons of filial piety and re￣storing the old system and the imperial power to resist the remonstration discourse of the princes and ministers,and finally Emperor Tongzhi had to order the suspension of the construction of Yuanmingyuan.