数字化转型背景下企业内部创业的治理机制--基于人力资本细分产权激励的案例研究

Governance Mechanism of Intrapreneurship in Enterprises under Digital Transformation:A Case Study on Subdividing Human Capital and Encouraging Intellectual Property Rights

在数字化转型背景下,以创新、主动变革为特征的内部创业成为传统企业开展数字化转型的重要方式之一,内部创业及其有效实施成为实践界与学术界关注的重要话题。本文从人力资本产权激励角度来研究内部创业的治理机制,通过对海尔集团内部创业实践进行案例研究,归纳了基于“人力资本所有者拥有企业细分产权”的激励模式,即企业通过产权细分和让渡的资产产权让内部创业者拥有部分企业产权,这种产权具有异质性,不同于资本层面各类股权的激励形式,避免了股权激励带来的一系列问题。案例分析发现,该激励模式能够较好地激励内部创业者利用被细分的企业资源在市场上寻找商业机会,进行产品和服务创新,从而创造价值。研究结论既能拓展现有内部创业激励及治理机制理论,也有助于实践界解决直接实施股权激励所带来的错位问题,更好地激发内部创业者的积极性与主动性,对内部创业的制度设计具有重要启示。

In the context of digital transformation,internal entrepreneurship characterized by innovation and active change has become one of the important ways for traditional enterprises to carry out digital transformation,and its effective implementation has become an important topic of concern in practice and academia.As bottom-up commercialization activities carried out by individuals relying on existing organizations,internal entrepreneurship requires entrepreneurs to pay more human capital on the one hand;on the other hand,due to the high uncertainty of the target market and income,entrepreneurs must bear huge risks.Therefore,it is crucial for enterprises to coordinate intrapreneurs by setting up appropriate incentive mechanism to ensure the realization of intrapreneurs.In the existing intrapreneurship practice,enterprises usually formulate human capital incentive measures such as career development and promotion,equity allocation and salary plan.However,unfortunately,the salary,position and equity plan obtained by intrapreneurs are linked to the overall performance of the parent enterprise,so it is difficult to directly reflect the efforts and value created by employees engaged in entrepreneurial activities,and it is inevitable to avoid short-sighted behaviors such as eager for quick success and opportunism caused by egoism.In view of this,this paper attempts to study the governance mechanism of intrapreneurship from the perspective of human capital property right incentive.