155份蚕豆种质资源全生育期耐盐碱性鉴定与综合评价

Identification and comprehensive evaluation of salt-alkali tolerance throughout the growth period of 155 faba bean germplasms

土壤盐渍化是影响蚕豆生长的重要非生物胁迫之一。蚕豆耐盐碱性种质鉴定为挖掘耐盐碱基因和耐盐碱品种选育奠定基础,对利用盐碱地具有重要意义。本研究对155份国内外蚕豆种质全生育期利用基质+混合盐碱(9 g L^(-1) NaCl+Na_(2)CO_(3)+Na_(2)SO_(4),pH 10.5)进行胁迫处理。测定了成苗率、盐害指数、株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量7个指标,采用相关性、主成分、隶属函数和系统聚类分析,对各种质的耐盐碱性进行了综合评价和归类,并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐盐碱性预测回归方程。结果表明,(1)筛选出耐盐碱(20≤盐害指数<40)蚕豆种质3份,占1.94%;中耐盐碱(40≤盐害指数<60)种质8份,占5.16%;未发现高耐盐碱(盐害指数<20)蚕豆种质。(2)盐害指数与株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。(3)鲜重、株高、盐害指数、叶绿素含量和成苗率5个指标可以作为蚕豆全生育期耐盐碱鉴定评价指标。(4)155份蚕豆种质可分为2大类群,其中耐盐碱种质类群具有较高的成苗率、生物量、含氮量和叶绿素含量。研究结果可为蚕豆耐盐碱机理研究、耐盐碱基因挖掘和耐盐碱品种的选育提供可靠的材料。

Soil salinization has become one of the critical abiotic stresses affecting the growth of faba bean.Identifying salt-alkali tolerant germplasm in faba bean lays the foundation for exploring salt-alkali tolerant genes and selecting and breeding salt-alkali tolerant varieties,which is of great significance for the utilization of salinized land.In this study,155 faba bean germplasm resources from domestic and international collections were subjected to stress treatment with a matrix+mixed salt-alkali(9 g L^(-1),NaCl+Na_(2)CO_(3)+Na_(2)SO_(4),pH 10.5)throughout their entire growth period.Seven indicators were measured,including the seedling rate,salt damage index(SDI),plant height,fresh weight,dry weight,chlorophyll content,and nitrogen content.Correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function analysis,and systematic cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate and classify the salt-alkali tolerance of various germplasms.A predictive regression equation for salt-alkali tolerance was established using stepwise regression analysis.The results showed as follows:(1)Three faba bean germplasms with salt-alkali tolerance(20≤salt damage index<40)were identified,constituting 1.94%of the total,while eight germplasms displayed moderate salt-alkali tolerance(40≤salt damage index<60),comprising 5.16%of the tested germplasms.No highly salt-alkali tolerant(salt damage index<20)faba bean germplasms were detected.(2)The salt damage index was negatively correlated with plant height,fresh weight,dry weight,chlorophyll content,and nitrogen content(P<0.01).(3)Five indicators—fresh weight,plant height,salt damage index,chlorophyll content,and seedling rate—can be used as evaluation criteria for assessing salt-alkali tolerance throughout the entire growth period of faba beans.(4)The 155 faba bean germplasms were divided into two major groups,with the salt-alkali tolerant germplasm group exhibiting higher seedling rates,biomass,nitrogen content,and chlorophyll content.These research findings provide reliable materials for studying the mechanisms of salt-alkali tolerance in faba beans,exploring salt-alkali tolerant genes,and selecting and breeding salt-alkali tolerant varieties.