PICC置管患者健康教育方案的构建与应用

Development and application of a health education program for patients with PICC catheterization

目的:构建基于时机理论的经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)置管患者的健康教育方案并分析其临床应用效果,以期提高PICC置管患者的导管自我管理能力,降低PICC导管相关并发症的发生率。方法:通过查阅文献、小组讨论、德尔菲法等,在时机理论指导下构建PICC置管患者的健康教育方案。选取2023年3月-7月在某三级甲等医院血液内科接受PICC置管的67例患者作为对照组,实施常规护理;选取2023年8月-12月的64例患者作为观察组,实施该方案并评价应用效果。比较两组患者干预前、干预后1个月、干预后3个月时的PICC肿瘤置管自我管理能力、PICC导管相关并发症情况。结果:两组患者自我管理能力总分的组间效应与时间效应、组间与时间效应均显著(P<0.05),干预后1个月,两组患者导管相关并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后3个月,干预组患者导管相关并发症发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.518,P<0.05)。结论:本研究构建的基于时机理论的PICC置管患者健康教育方案科学、可靠、实用,提高了PICC置管患者的导管自我管理能力,降低了PICC导管相关并发症的发生率,可为开展PICC置管患者的健康教育工作提供科学、实用和全面的指导。

Objective:To develop a health education program for patients with PICC catheterization based on Timing It Right theory and to examine the program effects among patients with PICC.Methods:A comprehensive literature review,group discussions,and the Delphi technique were employed to inform the health education program development for patients with PICC and the program is also guided by Timing It Right theory.A total of 67 patients who underwent PICC catheterization in the hematology department of a tertiary grade A hospital from March to July 2023 were recruited and assigned to the control group.Standard nursing care was provided to these patients.Another 64 patients from August to December 2023 were assigned to the experimental group and the health education program was applied in this group.The self-management ability and complication rates of PICC catheterization were compared between the two groups at baseline,one month post-catheterization,and three months post-catheterization.Results:The significant group and time effects were observed on the total self-management ability scores between the two groups(P<0.05).One month following the intervention,no significant differences were detected in the incidence of catheter-related complications between the two groups(P>0.05).However,three months post-intervention,patients in the experimental group exhibited a lower incidence of catheter-related complications compared to those in the control group(χ2=4.518,P<0.05).Conclusion:The health education program developed for PICC patients based on Timing it Right theory is scientifically sound,reliable,and practical.It enhances the self-management ability of patients with PICC and reduces the occurrence of PICC-related complications.This program offers a scientific,practical,and comprehensive framework for health education in patients with PICC catheterization.