白居易诗歌分类的诗学传统与意义

The Poetic Tradition and the Significance of Bai Juyi's Classifications of Poetry

白居易将自己的诗歌分为讽谕诗、闲适诗、感伤诗和杂律诗四类。这一分类法具有重要的诗学史意义。它是对唐前诗学传统的总结,包括《诗经》的言志传统、屈骚以来的感伤传统、陶渊明所代表的适性传统,以及以梁陈为典型的才丽传统。与同时代人相比,这一分类法最具创造性的地方在于提出闲适诗类,凸显了长期被诗论所忽略的适性诗传统。闲适诗类的提出孕育于特定的思想与诗学背景。白居易的分类有助于反思中国古典情志诗学。它表明,在“诗言志”与“诗缘情”之外,还存在其他情志类型,以及不重情志抒写的诗学类别。探究白居易诗歌分类法能深化对中国诗学传统及其嬗变的理解。

Bai Juyi(772846)classified his poems into four categories:allegorical,carefree,sentimental,and miscellaneous regulated verses.This classification is of great significance in the history of Chinese poetics as it encapsulated the poetic traditions preceding the Tang Dynasty.These include the aspiration-expressing tradition of The Book of Songs,the sentimental tradition that began with the Songs of Chu,the nature-fitting tradition represented by Tao Yuanming,and the ornate style of the Liang and Chen Dynasties.Compared to his contemporaries,Bai's classification was innovative,particularly through his introduction of“carefree poetry.”This highlighted the long-neglected nature-fitting tradition in poetics.The creation of this category was shaped by the cultural and poetic context of his time.Bai Juyi's classification also invites reflection on classical Chinese affection-expressing poetics,suggesting that,beyond the aspiration-expressing and emotion-expressing types,there exists another poetic type of affection-expressing and a non-affection-expressing poetic type.Analyzing Bai Juyi's classification deepens our understanding of the traditions and evolutions of classical Chinese poetics.