人口老龄化背景下的创业政策与实践——以日本为例

Entrepreneurship policies and practices in the context of population aging:A case study of Japan

释放全社会创新创业创造动能,是增强我国在世界大变局中的影响力、竞争力的重要途径。如何在长寿时代促进创新创业是经济高质量发展的重要议题。以日本为例,剖析了日本在人口老龄化背景下的创业政策与实践,梳理了日本企业进入、退出的现状,整理了促进创业的战略和政策,从教育培训、创业服务、业务发展和权益保障四个维度总结了日本政府和企业在促进创业活动方面的努力和成果。基于对日本创业情况的整理和对中国国情的认识,提出了三方面的政策建议:正确认识企业进入、退出规律,逐步推进建立自然人破产制度;普及创业知识,发布零基础创业指南;优化政商关系,提高政策扶持的公平性。

Releasing the potential of innovation,entrepreneurship,and creativity throughout the society is crucial to strengthening China s influence and competitiveness in the most of global changes.The promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship during the era of longevity is a critical factor in achieving high-quality economic development.Taking Japan as a case study,this paper analyzes the entrepreneurship policies and practices in Japan in the context of population aging.It summarizes the current situation of firm entry and exit in Japan,lists policies and strategies to promote entrepreneurship,and reviews the efforts and achievements of the Japanese government and enterprises in promoting entrepreneurial activities from four dimensions:education and training,entrepreneurial services,business development,and rights protection.Based on an analysis of entrepreneurship in Japan and an understanding of the conditions in China,this paper proposes three policy recommendations.Firstly,it is to recognize the law of firm entry and exit,and gradually promote the establishment of a bankruptcy system for individuals.Secondly,it is to popularize entrepreneurial knowledge and publish an ABC guide to entrepreneurship.Lastly,it is to improve the relationship between the government and enterprises,and provide fair policy support for start-up companies.