科研不端行为特征分析及医学科研诚信防治对策

Analysis of the characteristics of scientific research misconduct and the prevention and treatment of medical research integrity

目的基于近3年国家自然科学基金委员会通报的科研诚信案例分析,探讨医学科研诚信防治对策。方法以2021—2023年基金委公开通报的8批次共295个科研不端案例为研究对象,对案例涉及的人员特征、发生阶段分布、论文学科、期刊类型及科研不端行为种类进行统计分析,归纳科研不端行为发生的倾向性特点和规律。结果人员中高级职称占66.15%,人员依托单位为医学类科研单位占58.33%。按发生阶段分布,在申请环节、评审环节和论文写作发表环节的分别为15.25%、1.69%和85.96%。按学科分布统计,医学类和生物学类论文占不端论文为63.67%,发布在SCI期刊论文占84.90%。按科研不端类型分布,发生率位列前3位:数据造假(141个,占47.80%),图片错用(118个,占40.00%)、署名不实(85个,占28.81%)。按资助板块分类,生命医学板块论文的数据造假、图片错用及代写代投发生率明显高于非生命医学板块,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论为防范和治理医学领域学术不端问题,要建立医学项目全流程监管体系、强化医学期刊治理和监督、优化医学人才评价体系和压实科研单位主体责任等,通过坚持预防与惩治并举,自律与监督并重,提高医学科研诚信建设水平。

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the prevention and treatment of scientific research integrity based on the case analysis of scientific research integrity published in the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the past three years.MethodsA total of 295 cases of scientific misconduct were 2023 in eight batches of public notification from 2021 to 2023,statistical analysis was made on the characteristics of the personnel involved in the cases,the distribution of the occurrence stages,the disciplines of the papers,the types of periodicals,the types of misconduct in scientific research,to sum up the tendentious characteristics and laws of misconduct in scientific research.Results66.15%of the personnel involved were senior professional titles,and 58.33%of the personnel were supported by medical scientific researchunits.According to the distribution of occurrence stages,he proportion of the misconduct papers was 15.25%,1.69%and 85.96%,respectively.According to disciplinary distribution statistics,medical and biological papers account for 63.67%of misconduct papers,and papers published in SCI journals account for 84.90%.According to the types of scientific misconduct,the top three are:data falsification(47.80%),picture misuse(40.00%),and false name(28.81%).According to the classification of the subvention plate,the incidence of data falsification,picture misuse and generation-writing in the life medicine plate was significantly higher than that in the non-life medicine plate(P<0.05).ConclusionsIn order to prevent and combat the problem of academic misconduct in the field of medicine,it is necessary to establish the whole process supervision system of medical projects,strengthen the governance and supervision of medical journals,optimize the evaluation system of medical talents,and Tamp down the main responsibility of scientific research units.