集体记忆重塑乡村共同体的内在机理与实现路径——以贵州云舍土家族乡愁馆为个案

The Inner Mechanism and Realization Path of Collective Memory in Reshaping the Rural Community——Taking Tujia Nostalgia Museum in Yunshe,Guizhou Province as a Case Study

乡村共同体是乡村振兴的基础。然而,现代性的扩展使乡村共同体式微,甚至面临终结的风险,因而重塑乡村共同体成为了一个重要的现实问题。一个真正的乡村共同体就是一个记忆共同体,因此,基于集体记忆理论,文章认为集体记忆是乡村共同体重塑的新路径,通过“地域边界—社会基础—身体实践”能使乡村共同体重塑成为可能。贵州民族村寨云舍土家族乡愁馆通过空间再造、物品展览与仪式互动,形成了“触发机制—催发机制—行动机制”的实践机制,为集体记忆重塑乡村共同体提供了样本。通过实践发现,集体记忆重塑乡村共同体仍需保护村落文化遗产资源铸牢乡村共同体基础、以丰富乡愁馆内容来构建多维记忆联结、以加强仪式互动来扩展群众参与空间,从而促进乡村共同体的重塑与健康发展。

The Rural community is the foundation for rural revitalization.However,the expansion of modernity has led to the decline and even the risk of the"end"of the rural community Thus.reshaping rural community has Thus become an important practical issue.A real rural community is a memory community.Therefore,based on the theory of collective memory,the analysis argues that this memory,as a new path for reshaping rural community,achieve its purpose of reshaping by means of"territorial boundary-social foundation-practice".The Tujia Nostalgia Museum in Yunshe,an ethnic village in Guizhou province,has formed a practice mechanism of"trigger mechanism-stimulation mechanism-action mechanism"through spatial reconstruction,exhibition of objects and ritual interaction,providing a sample of collective memory reshaping rural community.Practice also shows that collective memory reshaping rural community still requires the protection of cultural heritage resources in villages to build the foundation of rural community,enrich the content of nostalgia museum to build multi-dimensional memory connection,and strengthen the interaction of rituals to build ethnic community,so as to promote the reshaping and healthy development of rural community.