生鲜食品零售供应链物流保障与空间优化研究——以深圳为例

Logistics Assurance and Spatial Optimization of Urban Fresh Food Retail Supply Chains:A Case Study of Shenzhen

在居民日益增长的即时食品消费需求和电子商务平台的推动下,城市食品流通环境和生鲜食品零售供应链正在经历新一轮结构转型。这一转型不仅提高了居民获取食品生鲜的便捷性,同时也对供应链的物流保障提出了新的挑战。城市规划者们开始重新思考食品供应链设施的布局和分布,以确保食品流通体系的可达性和公平性能够得到维护和提升。为此,本文首先剖析城市生鲜食品物流供应链转型的过程和成因,介绍数字化下的影响及其类型;其次以深圳市为例,采集主流生鲜食品电商平台的前置仓网点数据,运用核密度和两步移动搜索法进行可达性和公平性分析;最后构建了一个多目标模型,借助优化算法进行求解,以获得更合理的网点选址布局。结果显示:受城市人口密度、地理条件和交通路网等因素影响,研究案例存在前置仓网点设施布局与人口分布不匹配、生鲜食品供给不均衡的现象;更合理的前置仓网点选址则可以提高食品生鲜的可达性和公平性,从而促进食品流通体系的可持续发展。

The urban food distribution and fresh food retail supply chain have undergone profound structural transformations,catalyzed by growing consumer demand for immediate food consumption and promotion of e-commerce platforms.This transition not only improves the availability of access to raw food for residents,but also poses new challenges to the logistical security of the supply chain.Urban planners begin to rethink the layout and distribution of food supply chain facilities to ensure that the accessibility and equity of the food circulation system can be maintained and enhanced.In pursuit of this aim,firstly,this paper examines the process and reasons for transforming the supply chain and presents various types of digital logistics supply chains for urban fresh food distribution.Secondly,employing Shenzhen as an illustrative case,we gather data from prominent e-commerce platforms' front warehouses.Subsequently,we employ KDE and 2SFCA to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of accessibility and equity within the supply chain.Finally,a multi-objective model was devised,utilizing an optimization algorithm to formulate a more pragmatic arrangement for the placement of distribution outlets practical layout for outlet locations.This paper indicates a misalignment between front warehouses layout and population distribution,and an unequal distribution of fresh food owing to factors such as urban population density,geography,and transportation infrastructure.Furthermore,strategically positioning front warehouses can improve the availability and fairness of fresh food,thereby promoting the sustainable advancement of the food distribution system.