侵犯商业秘密罪评价标准的修正与规范解读

Revision and normative interpretation of the evaluation criteria for the crime of infringing upon the trade secret

《刑法修正案(十一)》完成了侵犯商业秘密罪由数额犯到情节犯的全面转型,但未跟进更新的司法解释易使得司法实务将情节犯作数额犯化处理,仅关注数额要素对于犯罪评价的影响。侵犯商业秘密罪所保护的是复合法益:一是商业秘密权利人对商业秘密享有的私权利,二是市场竞争秩序,后者又可还原为具体的个人法益——商业秘密权。以此为逻辑起点,侵犯商业秘密罪的评价体系应当坚持区分性、形式与实质相统一、强保护的原则,建构综合评价体系。各要素不可单独作为入罪标准,而应综合考量,建构起以数额要素为主,非数额要素为辅的“情节严重”解释体系。

The Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China completes the comprehensive transformation of the crime of infringing upon the trade secret from the crime of amount to the crime of circumstance.However,the lack of follow-up and updated judicial interpretation tends to cause the crime of circumstance to be treated as the crime of amount in the judicial practice,and the only focus is the influence of the element of amount on the evaluation of the crime.The crime of infringing upon the trade secret aims to protect the compound legal interests.One is the private rights that the right holder of the trade secret owns for the trade secret,and the other the market competition order.The latter can be reduced to the legal interests of specific individual,namely,the trade secret rights.With this as a logical starting point,the evaluation system for the crime of infringing upon the trade secret should adhere to the principles of the distinction,the form and substance unity,and strong protection,so as to construct a comprehensive evaluation system.The elements may not be incriminated as a separate standard,but should be considered in a comprehensive manner.In this regard,the interpretation system of"serious circumstances"can be established with the element of amount as the main criterion and the non-amount elements as the supplement.