美国公法域外适用机制及中国因应研究

Research on the extraterritorial application mechanism of American public law and China's response

公法域外适用衍生于国际体系的结构性演变,有着经济全球化下独特的政治、经济与意识形态背景。其在公法域外适用需求的显现、国家主权观念的转换、公法禁忌原则的突破以及法律形式的嬗变上,具备了一定的存在基础。但是近年来,囿于美国国际法理念的转变,其由原先对严格属地主义的固守转为对国家利益至上的推崇,因而在公法域外适用上愈发地恣意与专断,使公法域外适用存在严重的法律、外交和道德张力。为应对美国公法域外适用,中国须秉承防御与建设共进的思路。一方面,加强国际合作共同抗衡美国公法域外适用制度的滥用,同时健全中国的反制法律体系;另一方面,梳理总结美国多年来在公法域外适用过程中形成的丰富经验,在此基础上构建完善符合国际法基本原则的中国法域外适用制度。

The extraterritorial application of public law is derived from the structural evolution of the international system,which has a unique political,economic and ideological background in economic globalization.With the emergence of the demand for extraterritorial application of public law,the transformation of the concept of national sovereignty,the breakthrough of taboo principle of public law and the evolution of legal form,this background has a certain existence foundation.However,in recent years,the primary adherence to strict territorialism in American public law has shifted to the advocate for the supremacy of national interests due to the change of the concept of the U.S.international law.Thus,America has become more wanton and dictatorial in the extraterritorial application of public law,resulting in the seriously legal,diplomatic and moral tensions in the extraterritorial application of public law.In order to handle the extraterritorial application of American public law,China must adhere to the idea of strengthening defense and construction together.On the one hand,it is suggested to strengthen the international cooperation to jointly contend against the abuse of the extraterritorial application system of American public law,and improve China's legal system countering this problem.On the other hand,the rich experience of the United States in the process of extraterritorial application of public law over a few years can be examined and summarized to build the extraterritorial application system of Chinese law that is perfect and in line with the basic principles of international law.