数字普惠金融对乡村就业水平的影响

Impact of inclusive digital finance on rural employment level

以数字技术为依托、以普惠价值为初衷的数字普惠金融是驱动乡村就业市场扩容提质的可行性路径之一,而数字金融滥用衍生出的负面影响同样值得深入探讨。基于2011—2021年我国内地31个省份的面板数据,综合运用一系列计量策略实证检验数字普惠金融对乡村就业水平的影响,结果表明数字普惠金融显著提升了乡村就业水平,其影响效应体现在两个方面:一是呈现数字金融使用深度影响最大、数字金融覆盖广度次之、普惠金融数字化程度居后的格局,二是对“胡焕庸线”以东省份的正面作用更为明显。同时,影响机制会通过促进乡村零售业发展以及弥合城乡消费差距的传导路径而实现。此外,数字普惠金融对乡村就业水平的促进作用不是简单的线性关系,而是存在单一门限效应。据此,提出强化数字依托与普惠价值有机融合、赋能乡村创业热情、统筹协调覆盖广度与使用深度双重提升、布局乡村网络零售释放消费潜力、优化农村数字金融资源配置等建议。

Inclusive digital finance,based on digital technology and with inclusive value as its original intention,is one of the feasible paths to drive the expansion and improvement of rural employment markets.The negative impacts arising from the abuse of digital finance are also worth exploring in depth.Based on the panel data of 31 province level regions in China from 2011—2021,the impact of inclusive digital finance on rural employment is tested by using a series of measurement strategies.The results show that inclusive digital finance significantly improves rural employment.Firstly,the impact effect shows the pattern that depth of use of digital finance is the highest,the coverage of digital finance lies in the second place,while the inclusive digital finance is situated in the last.Secondly,it has a more obvious promoting effect on the province level regions east of the Hu Line.At the same time,the impact mechanism will be achieved by promoting the development of rural retail industry and bridging the transmission path of the urban-rural consumption gap.In addition,the promoting effect of inclusive digital finance on rural employment level is not a simple linear relationship,there is a single threshold effect.Based on this,it is proposed to strengthen the organic integration of digital reliance and inclusive value,to empower rural entrepreneurial enthusiasm,to coordinate the dual improvement of coverage breadth and usage depth,to layout rural online retail to unleash consumer potential,and to optimize the allocation of rural digital financial resources in excess of supply and demand.