算法价格歧视反垄断规制的逻辑与进路

Logic and progression of antitrust regulation of algorithmic price discrimination

算法价格歧视具有高度隐蔽性和技术性,具有损害消费者合法权益、遏制企业技术创新以及破坏市场竞争秩序三重威胁。对算法价格歧视行为施以反垄断规制具有正当性和必要性,但产生于传统商业模式下的反垄断法难以有效应对算法的异化风险,存在认定受限和监管失灵的现实问题。因此,需要转变规制思路,从立法和执法两个层面提出应对之策:立法方面,要拓宽行为主体的外延,改良损害后果的评估方法,明确正当理由的适用标准,从而解决算法价格歧视的反垄断认定难题;执法方面,可构建反垄断法和算法的二元监管体系,并同步探索消费者数据赋权的私人治理模式,多管齐下规制算法价格歧视,将其引向正确的轨道。

The algorithmic price discrimination is highly concealed and technical,which has triple threats of damaging consumers′legitimate rights and interests,curbing technological innovation of enterprises,and destructing market competition order.It is justified and necessary to impose antitrust regulation on algorithm price discrimination.But the antitrust law generated under the traditional business mode is difficult to effectively deal with the alienation risk of algorithms,and there are practical problems of identification limit and regulatory failure.Therefore,the idea of regulation should be transformed,and countermeasures should be proposed from both legislative and enforcement levels.In terms of legislation,it is necessary to broaden the extension of behavior subjects,to improve the evaluation method of damage consequences,and to clarify the applicable standards of justifiable reasons,so as to solve the problem of antitrust identification of algorithmic price discrimination.In terms of enforcement,a dual regulatory system of antitrust law and algorithms should be constructed,the private governance mode of consumer data empowerment should be explored at the same time,so as to regulate algorithmic price discrimination by multiple measures and lead it to the right track.