竹纤维汽车内饰夹层结构轻量化复合材料性能

Performance of Lightweight Bamboo Fiber-Reinforced Sandwich Composites Applied in Automotive Interior

“绿色化、轻量化、功能化”是汽车材料未来发展的主要方向。夹层结构复合材料由薄硬表层和缓冲芯层组成,具有高比强度和良好的保温隔声性能,已在汽车内饰中应用。以竹纤维增强聚丙烯/聚乳酸复合材料为原料,通过釜压发泡工艺制得发泡珠粒,研究饱和温度、压力和保压时间对其性能的影响,并制备聚丙烯发泡珠粒板材作为芯层,与竹纤维/聚丙烯复合板表层组合,比较不同竹纤维含量下的性能,探讨其在汽车内饰中的应用;并以三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐作为阻燃剂,研究其对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,随着竹纤维含量增加,聚丙烯发泡珠粒夹层材料的弯曲模量相较于聚氨酯夹层材料最高提升了108.60%,滚筒剥离强度最大为20.13(N·mm)/mm,导热系数约为0.040 W/(m·K),吸声系数为0.177;加入三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐可延长燃烧时间,燃烧速度显著减小为13.5 mm/min。竹纤维汽车内饰夹层结构材料满足汽车内饰件轻量化的要求,有助于落实“以竹代塑”倡议,践行“双碳”理念,助力汽车领域绿色发展。

Greenness,lightweight and functionality are the main development directions of automotive materials.Sandwich structure composites with high specific strength and good thermal and acoustic insulation properties are composed of a thin hard surface layer and a cushioning core layer,which have been applied in automotive interiors.With bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene/poly(lactic acid)composites as raw materials,the paper studies the effects of saturation temperature,pressure and holding time on its performance using the kettle pressure foaming process to produce foamed beads,and polypropylene foamed beads sheets are prepared as core layer to be combined with bamboo fiber/polypropylene composite sheet surface layer.The performances of the composites with different fiber contents are compared to explore their application in automotive interiors.In addition,melamine polyphosphate is used as a flame retardant to study its effect on the performance of the composites.The results show that the flexural modulus of the sandwich composite material prepared with polypropylene foamed beads is enhanced by up to 108.60%compared to the polyurethane sandwich material as the bamboo fiber content increases.In the scenario,the maximum roller peel strength is 20.13(N·mm)/mm,the thermal conductivity is about 0.040 W/(m·K),and the acoustic absorption coefficient is 0.177.The addition of melamine polyphosphate prolongs the combustion time,and the burning speed is significantly reduced to 13.5 mm/min.Bamboo fiber materials used in automotive interior sandwich structure can meet the requirements over lightweight automotive interior parts,which helps implement the initiative of“bamboo as a substitute for plastic”,practise the concept of“dual carbon”,and contributes to the green development of automotive industry.