权力互动与平衡性竞争--中美欧数字权力竞争的国际政治经济学分析

Power Interaction and Balanced Competition:Analyzing China-U.S.-EU Contest for Digital Power from the Perspective of International Political Economy

数字空间正成为地缘政治博弈的新场域。在数字浪潮的推动下,权力形式及其竞争范式呈现出流变与进化之势,数字权力应运而生。数字权力来源于行为体对数字资源即数字规则、数字技术、数字市场“三位一体”的控制。数字权力的竞争逻辑基于数字市场、规则与技术之间的相互制约,表现为对数字市场权力、数字规则权力和数字技术权力的争夺。数字权力竞争模式是“竞争性相互依存”下的双向权力互动模式,而非“技术决定论”下的单向权力垄断模式。当前中美欧数字权力竞争表现为非对称的三极鼎立格局。鉴于以数字技术为霸权支柱的美国正不断将中美数字竞争推向失序化的险境,以及欧美在数字规则主导权方面复杂的利益冲突,中欧可分别以数字市场与数字规则为权力杠杆撬动美国的数字霸权,进而争取更大的战略空间,实现平衡性竞争。

The digital space is emerging as a new arena for geopolitical rivalry.As the digital wave reshapes power dynamics and competitive paradigms,the concept of digital power has arisen in response to these changes.This article constructs a framework for understanding digital power,positing that it derives from the control of digital resources—specifically,digital rules,digital technology,and digital markets.It argues that the logic of digital power competition manifests as a collective capture of digital market power,digital rule power,and digital technology power,rooted in the mutual constraints among these three elements rather than being viewed as a one-sided power monopoly under a technology determinism model,digital power competition should be understood as a two-way power interaction model characterized by competitive interdependence.Currently,the digital power competition among China,the United States,and Europe reflects an asymmetric“separation of powers”structure.The United States,which positions digital technology as its hegemonic foundation,continues to escalate its digital rivalry with China,creating a climate of disorder,and given the complex conflicts of interest between Europe and the United States regarding dominance in digital technology and rules,both China and the European Union can leverage digital markets and rules as instruments to counterbalance U.S.digital hegemony.This strategy aims to secure greater strategic space and achieve balanced competition.