刑事诉讼法法典化比较研究

Comparative Study on the Codification of Criminal Procedure Law

我国刑事诉讼法第四次修改在即,比较研究域外刑事诉讼法的法典化模式,借鉴成熟的域外经验可以为我国刑事诉讼法第四次修改提供镜鉴。域外刑事诉讼法多以法典化模式呈现,具有法典化时间早、规范完备细密、证据制度发达、被追诉人辩护权保障充分、体现审判中心主义、较少有司法解释和法外规范、以文明和理性为目标等特点,且大多数国家刑事诉讼法修改采用法典化方式。我国刑事诉讼法与域外成熟的刑事诉讼法法典相比,在法典化程度、条文数量、证据制度和辩护制度、基本原则、重要规则以及审判中心主义方面还有一些差距。未实现实质法典化导致司法解释和解释性文件“二次立法”现象突出、刑事诉讼法与其他法律衔接不畅、“侦查中心主义”盛行、被追诉人辩护权得不到充分保障等诸多现实问题。此次刑事诉讼法修改应当采取“大修”模式,大幅度增加刑事诉讼法条文、减少法外规范、确立通行的刑事诉讼基本原则并落实审判中心主义。我国刑事诉讼法应当坚持法典化编纂模式,这不仅是刑事诉讼法性质和与域外接轨的需要,也是提升刑事诉讼法权威性和统一性并推进中国式现代化建设的需要。

China's criminal procedure law is approaching its fourth revision.A comparative study on the codification models in criminal procedure laws in foreign countries and drawing on established international practices can provide valua-ble insights for this revision.Criminal procedure laws in foreign countries are all codified,characterized by early codifica-tion,comprehensive and detailed regulations,well-developed evidence systems,full guarantee of defendants'right to de-fense,embodying the trial-centered doctrine,relatively few judicial interpretations and extralegal norms,and aiming for civilization and rationality.Moreover,most countries adopt the codification approach for the revision of their criminal proce-dure laws.Compared with mature criminal procedure codes in foreign countries,China's criminal procedure Law still lags in terms of the degree of codification,the number of provisions,the evidence and defense systems,basic principles,key rules,and the implementation of trial-centered doctrine.The failure to achieve substantive codification has led to promi-nent phenomena such as"secondary legislation"through judicial interpretations and explanatory documents,poor connec-tion between the criminal procedure Law and other laws,the prevalence of an"investigation-centered doctrine",and in-adequate protection of the defense rights of the accused,among many other practical problems.This revision should follow a"comprehensive revision"model,significantly increasing the number of provisions of the criminal procedure law,reduc-ing extralegal norms,establishing universally accepted basic principles of criminal procedure,and implement the trial-centered doctrine.The codification revision model should be adhered to for China's criminal procedure law,which is not only necessary due to the nature of the criminal procedure law and the need to align with international standards,but also essential for enhancing the authority and uniformity of the criminal procedure law and promoting the construction of Chinese-style modernization.