论债权转让表见规则

On the Rule of Appearance in Assignment of Claims

《合同编通则司法解释》第49条有两款规定,官方将第1款定性为“债权表见让与”,将第2款规定为“债务人确认债权存在”,这样既不统一也不协调。第1款的定性是通说,没有不同意见;第2款是对客观事实的具象表述,缺少概括性,应当定性为债权表见责任,这样就能建立起统一的债权让与表见规则体系。债权让与表见规则是指在债权转让中,出让人出具不实通知或者债务人出具虚假确认,形成债权让与或者债权存在的效力外观,使债务人或者受让人获得对债权合理信赖的债权转让规则。该表见规则包括债权表见让与和债权表见责任,其后果都是使债权的表见行为强制有效,分别保护债权让与的债务人和受让人的信赖利益,以实现维护交易秩序的目的。

The two paragraphs of Article 49 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contracts differ in their official characterization,with paragraph 1 characterized as""apparent assignment of claims"and paragraph 2 as"con-firmation of the existence of a claim by the debtor",which is neither uniform nor coordinated.The characterization of para-graph 1 is a general statement,and there is no disagreement;the provisions of paragraph 2 are a concrete expression of ob-jective facts,lacking in generality,and should be characterized as a liability for the appearance of claims,so as to establish a unified system of rules for the appearance of claims.The rule of appearance of claim assignment refers to the rule of claim assignment in which the assignor gives false notice or the debtor gives false acknowledgement to form the appearance of ef-fectiveness of claim assignment or existence of claim,so that the debtor or the assignee obtains a reasonable reliance on the claim.This appearance rule includes both apparent assignment of claims and apparent liability for claims,both of which have the effect of enforcing the validity of apparent assignments of claims and protecting the reliance interests of the debtor and the assignee of the assignment of claims respectively for the purpose of maintaining order in transactions.