父职实践与父职红利的阶层异质性——基于四期CFPS数据的实证分析

Class Heterogeneity of Paternal Practices and Paternal Dividends:An Empirical Analysis Based on Four Waves of CFPS Data

使用2014—2020年四期CFPS数据对不同受教育水平和职业阶层的父亲的育儿投入状况与父职红利效应进行异质性分析发现,男性的育儿投入总体较少,但相较其他父亲群体,受教育程度较高、职业阶层地位较高的父亲的育儿投入较多。生育对男性工资的影响表现出一定的“惩罚”效应,但这种“惩罚”效应主要存在于受教育程度较高和职业阶层地位较高的群体之中。上述结果表明,新父职以及与之相伴随的“父职惩罚”与父亲的社会阶层高度相关。未来应鼓励阶层地位较低的父亲更多地承担育儿责任,同时也要密切关注男性的工作—家庭冲突,减少因育儿导致的对父亲职业发展的负面影响。

Using four waves of CFPS data from 2014 to 2020,this study delves into the class heterogeneity in paternity practices and paternity dividends.It uncovers that,on the whole,men exhibit lower levels of parenting involvement;however,fathers with higher levels of education and occupational status tend to be more engaged in parenting compared to their counterparts from other social strata.Notably,there exists a significant“penalty”effect on men’s income as a result of fatherhood,particularly pronounced among fathers with elevated levels of education and occupational status.These results highlight a robust correlation between“new fatherhood”and the associated“paternal penalty”with fathers’social class.Moving forward,efforts should be directed towards encouraging fathers of lower social class status to assume more parenting responsibilities,while also addressing the issue of work-family conflict among men to alleviate the adverse effects of parenting on fathers’career progress.