体育活动对农村儿童社会性发展的影响机理和效应研究:一个条件过程模型的检验

Influence Mechanism and Effect of Sports Activities on Rural Children's Social Development:A Test of a Conditional Process Model

基于社会学习理论和社会生态系统理论,以湖北省黄冈市农村的儿童作为研究对象,采用《体育活动等级量表》《幼儿电脑游戏使用程度量表》和《儿童社会性发展量表》中的7个分量表,考察了体育活动对农村儿童社会性发展的影响机制以及留守经历于其中的调节作用。研究结果:(1)直接和中介效应。体育活动对农村儿童社会性发展具有正向预测作用(β=0.464,P<0.001);屏幕暴露在两者关系中的部分中介作用成立(β=0.153),置信区间为(0.106,0.213)。(2)调节效应。体育活动和留守经历的交互项对社会性发展的作用不显著(P>0.05);体育活动和留守经历的交互项对屏幕暴露存在显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.167,P<0.01);屏幕暴露和留守经历的交互项对社会性发展存在显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.093,P<0.01),留守经历同时调节中介模型的前、后半路径。研究结论:(1)在健康中国战略背景下,可以通过全民健身政策深层次全方位引导,带动农村地区普罗大众的健身热情,让运动与健康成为农村儿童社会学习的媒介,从而促进其社会性健康发展。(2)监护人应充分发挥其模范和监督作用,经常参加体育锻炼培养农村儿童的体育健康意识,并且严格把控电子屏幕媒体的使用时间预防社会性发展障碍的发生。(3)父母应该正确地运用屏幕媒体与农村留守孩子进行更多的交流和沟通,结合隔代监护提高总体监护力;当地政府机构应建立和完善留守儿童个人档案,将留守儿童教育纳入绩效考核体系;城乡发展要打破二元壁垒,保障劳动力合理流动,正确引导农民工融入城市。

Based on the social learning theory and social ecosystem theory,the research took the rural children in Huanggang City,Hubei Province as the research object,and used 7 sub-scales in the Sports Activity Rating Scale,the Children's Computer Game Usage Scale and the Children's Social Development Scale to investigate the impact mechanism of sports activities on rural children's social development and the regulatory role of left-behind experience in it.Results:1)Direct and intermediary effects:Sports activities have a positive predictive effect on the social development of rural children(β=0.464,P<0.001);Part of the intermediary role of screen exposure in the relationship between the two is established(β=0.153),and the confidence interval is(0.106,0.213).2)Regulation effect:The interaction between sports activities and left-behind experience had no significant effect on social development(P>0.05);The interaction between sports activities and left-behind experience has a significant negative predictive effect on screen exposure(β=-0.167,P<0.01);The interaction of screen exposure and left-behind experience has a significant negative predictive effect on social development(β=-0.093,P<0.01),left-behind experience regulates the first and second half paths of the mediation model at the same time.Conclusions:(1)Under the strategic background of"healthy China",we can drive the fitness enthusiasm of the general public in rural areas through the in-depth and all-round guidance of the"fitness for all"policy,so that sports and health can become the media of social learning for rural children,thus promoting their healthy social development.(2)Guardians should give full play to their role as models and supervisors,regularly participate in physical exercises to cultivate rural children's awareness of sports health,and strictly control the use time of electronic screen media to prevent social development barriers.(3)Parents should correctly use the screen media to communicate more with the left-behind children in rural areas,and improve the overall monitoring power in combination with inter-generational monitoring;Local government agencies should establish and improve the personal files of left-behind children,and incorporate the education of left-behind children into the performance appraisal system;Urban and rural development should break the dual barriers,ensure the rational flow of labor,and correctly guide migrant workers to integrate into the city.