进口自由化对企业间数字技术平衡发展的影响--基于头部企业技术溢出的视角

The impact of import liberalization on the balanced development of digital technology among enterprises:from the perspective of technology spillovers of leading enterprises

基于中国进口关税数据和上市企业的数字专利数据,考察进口自由化对头部企业数字技术发展及其溢出效应的影响。研究发现:(1)进口自由化对头部企业的数字技术创新有显著的负向影响。(2)头部企业的数字技术创新可以溢出至行业内的追赶企业,而进口自由化是调节溢出效应大小的关键因素。进口贸易壁垒的降低,有助于追赶企业更高效地获取头部企业的数字技术溢出。(3)进口自由化主要通过提高追赶企业创新能力、提高追赶企业生产率、加强头部企业与追赶企业的商业联系三个渠道来正向调节头部企业数字技术创新对追赶企业的溢出效应。(4)国有头部企业的数字技术溢出效应强于非国有头部企业。由此可见,进口自由化加快了企业的技术追赶速度,缩减了企业与国内行业数字技术前沿的距离。研究结果为持续扩大高水平对外开放、发挥头部企业的数字技术溢出作用从而推动行业数字技术平衡发展、弥合企业间数字鸿沟提供了经验证据。

Based on import tariff data and digital patent data of listed enterprises,this paper investigates the impact of import liberalization on digital technology development and spillover effects of leading enterprises.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Import liberalization has a significant negative impact on the digital technology innovation of leading enterprises.(2)Digital technology innovation by leading enterprises can spill over to catch-up enterprises within the industry,with the import liberalization as a key factor moderating the size of this effect.The reduction of import trade barriers helps catch-up enterprises to more efficiently capture the digital technology spillover of leading enterprises.(3)Import liberalization positively moderates the spillover effect of leading enterprises digital technology innovation on catch-up enterprises through three channels:improving the innovation ability of catch-up enterprises,improving the productivity of catch-up enterprises,and strengthening the business connections between leading enterprises and catch-up enterprises.(4)The digital technology spillover effect of state-owned enterprises is stronger than that of non-state-owned enterprises.It can be concluded that import liberalization has accelerated the speed of technological catch-up of enterprises and reduced the distance between enterprises and the digital technology frontier of domestic industries.This study provides empirical evidence for continuously expanding high-standard opening up,exerting the role of digital technology spillover of leading enterprises to promote the balanced development of digital technologies in the industry and bridge the digital divide among enterprises.