超声引导下腰方肌阻滞的临床应用进展

Clinical application progression of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block

腰方肌阻滞(QLB)是通过将局麻药物注射至腰方肌周围的筋膜间隙,阻滞单侧躯干和下肢的感觉神经及交感神经的区域阻滞技术。目前,超声引导下QLB技术广泛应用于腹部和下肢手术的术后镇痛,具有良好的镇痛效果。本文从超声引导下QLB的解剖学基础、作用机制、穿刺入路、药物选择、临床应用和并发症等方面的应用现状及研究进展进行综述。

Quadratus lumborum block(QLB)is a regional anesthesia technique that provides sensory and sympathetic nerves block of the unilateral trunk and lower limb by an injection of local anesthetic into the fascia space around the quadratus lumborum.At present,ultrasound-guided QLB is widely used in postoperative analgesia in abdominal and lower limb surgery with satisfied analgesia efficacy.This article will review the anatomical basis,mechanisms,puncture approaches,local anesthetic selection,clinical application and complications of QLB.