村干部角色失调的多元表现及优化路径——基于北京市L村的个案观察

Multiple Performance and Optimization Paths for Village Cadres'Role Maladjustment-Based on a Case Study of L Village in Beijing

角色失调是指个人对自己某个角色的期望与社会和组织的期望的不一致。村干部作为乡村治理的核心主体,在乡村基层治理实践中扮演着重要角色,但同时也面临着角色失调的困境,这对乡村基层的治理效能造成了显著影响。基于角色压力理论构建分析框架,对北京市L村的村干部在乡村治理过程中的经验进行分析,发现L村村干部在基层治理过程中面对日益复杂的治理任务、不匹配的权力与责任、工作激励的缺位等问题时,出现了“任务失调”“权责失调”和“动力失调”等角色认知困境;通过建立角色任务协调的保障机制、角色权责协调的约束机制和角色动力协调的激励机制,有助于在一定程度上解决村干部角色失调的问题,进而提升乡村治理的效能。

Role maladjustment refers to inconsistency between an individual’s expectations of a role and those of the society and its organizations.As the core subject of rural governance,village cadres play an important role in rural grassroots governance but also face the dilemma of role maladjustment,which significantly impacts the efficiency of such governance.Based on role pressure theory,this study constructed an analytical framework to examine village cadres’governance experiences in L village in Beijing and found that they face increasingly complex governance tasks,mismatched power and responsibility,a lack of work incentives,which resulted in difficulties related to role cognition,including"task imbalance,""power imbalance,"and"motivation imbalance".Establishing a guarantee mechanism for role and task coordination,a restraint mechanism for role and responsibility coordination,and an incentive mechanism for role and power coordination would help to solve village cadres’role maladjustment problem and improve the efficiency of rural governance.