三孩生育政策下韶关市区孕产妇年龄变化及对母婴并发症的影响

Study on age change of pregnant women and its influence on maternal and infant complications in Shaoguan urban areas under three-child policy

目的:探讨新生育政策的临床安全性、必要性和有效性,为国家进一步完善生育政策及相应配套措施提供临床依据。方法:收集本地区4家主要医院三孩政策开放前(2020年1—12月)孕产妇的病历资料,8964例设为对照组;三孩政策放开后(2022年7月—2023年6月)孕产妇的病历资料,8444例设为研究组,比较2组孕产妇年龄、分娩方式、分娩孕周及并发症和婴儿不良结局。结果:2组孕产妇年龄构成比、分娩方式及分娩孕周比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组孕产妇妊娠期高血压、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥、胎膜早破、产后出血发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组孕产妇妊娠期糖尿病、瘢痕子宫、羊水栓塞比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组婴儿不良结局发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:三孩政策开放后孕产妇年龄构成已无明显变化,产妇并发症及不良妊娠结局发生率无明显增加,现阶段实施三孩生育政策具有充分的必要性和安全性。

Objective:To explore the clinical safety,necessity and effectiveness of the new childbirth policy,providing further improving measures of the childbirth policy and corresponding supporting measures clinically.Methods:Medical records were collected,including pregnant women before the opening of the three-child policy in four major hospitals in the region(January to December 2020),8964 cases were set as control group(pre-three-child policy group),after the opening of the three-child policy(July 2022 to June 2023),8444 cases were set as the study group(group after the three-child policy).The age,delivery method,changes in the gestation week and the occurrence of maternal and infant complications of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed and compared.Results:There was no significant difference in the age composition ratio,delivery mode,and delivery gestational age between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension,placenta previa,placenta abruption,premature rupture of membranes,and postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups(P>0.05).There was a significant difference in the incidence of gestational diabetes,cesarean section,and amniotic fluid embolism between the two groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:After the opening of the three-child policy,the age composition of pregnant women had not changed significantly,and the incidence of maternal and infant complications and the birth rate of newborns had not increased significantly.At this stage,the implementation of the three-child policy is fully necessary and safe.