基于护士主导的早期康复护理模式预防脊柱外科术后患者深静脉血栓形成的效果研究

Effect of nurse-led early rehabilitation nursing model in preventing deep vein thrombosis after spinal surgery

目的:探讨基于护士主导的早期康复护理模式预防脊柱外科术后患者深静脉血栓形成(Deep vein thrombosis,DVT)的效果。方法:采用随机数字表法将2023年1月至2024年4月收治的76例行脊柱外科手术患者分为观察组和对照组,各38例。对照组常规护理干预,在此基础上,观察组接受护士主导的早期康复护理模式干预,比较2组深静脉血栓发生率、凝血指标、脊柱功能、住院时间、护理满意度以及生活质量。结果:观察组DVT发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),住院时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05);干预前,2组患者凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、D-二聚体(D-D)、血小板计数(BPC)水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组患者PT、APTT水平均升高,观察组升高显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2组患者D-D、BPC水平均降低,观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者及家属护理满意度总分显著高于对照组(P<0.05);干预前,2组患者Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷(ODI)、国际脊柱侧凸研究协会22项问卷表(SRS-22)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后2个月,2组患者ODI、SRS-22评分均显著降低,观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:基于护士主导的早期康复护理模式预防脊柱外科术后患者DVT的效果良好,能有效降低DVT发生率,缩短患者住院时间,改善患者凝血状态,提高住院期间护理满意度,促进患者脊柱功能恢复,提高生活质量。

Objective:To investigate the effect of nurse-led early rehabilitation nursing model in preventing deep vein thrombosis(DVT)after spinal surgery.Methods:Using a table of random numbers,76 patients who underwent spinal surgery from January 2023 to April 2024 were divided into the observation group and the control group,with 38 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing intervention.On this basis,the observation group received nurse-led early rehabilitation nursing intervention.The incidence of DVT,coagulation indicators,spinal function,length of hospital stay,satisfaction with nursing,and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of DVT in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and hospital stay was significantly shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),D-dimer(D-D)and blood platelet count(BPC)between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).After intervention,PT and APTT in both groups increased,and the two indices in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of D-D and BPC in both groups decreased,and the levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total satisfaction scores of patients and their family members in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores and the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Patient Questionnaire(SRS-22)scores between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).Two months after surgery,ODI scores and SRS-22 scores of both groups decreased significantly,and above scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The nurse-led early rehabilitation nursing model is effective in preventing DVT after spinal surgery.It can effectively reduce the incidence of DVT,shorten hospital stay,improve the patients coagulation status,increase their satisfaction with nursing during hospitalization,promote spinal function recovery,and improve the quality of life.