生成式人工智能在编制美国小镇总体规划中的角色、挑战与机遇——以ChatGPT为例

The Role,Opportunities,and Challenges of Generative AI in Comprehensive Planning of American Small Towns——Using ChatGPT as an Example

文章以城市规划人工智能四阶段为理论基础,对基于GPT–4模型的ChatGPT生成式人工智能在编制美国小镇总体规划中的应用进行了实测,并归纳了其现有的应用性与局限性。研究发现,当前的ChatGPT处于人工智能协助规划阶段,即作为辅助工具可在处理静态数据、撰写文本、绘制图表、渲染示意图与学习其他规划案例方面显示出潜力,可以协助规划师完成章节概述、分析社区特征与现状、确立社区发展目标等工作,从而节省编写规划的人力与资金成本。但同时,限于数据、安全与技术等原因,ChatGPT在用地规划与设计方面有明显不足,尚不能实现自动或自主规划,而这也是其未来的技术发展方向。

Utilizing the theoretical framework of the four phases of urban planning AI,this study empirically examines the use of generative AI,specifically ChatGPT based on GPT-4,in developing comprehensive plans for American small towns and outlines its strengths and limitations.The study finds that ChatGPT is in the phase of AI-assisted planning,serving as a supportive tool with potential in processing static data,generating text,producing diagrams and visuals,and synthesizing insights from previous cases.It can facilitate planners in creating overviews,assessing community characteristics and conditions,and setting development objectives,thereby reducing manpower and cost requirements.Nonetheless,due to data,security,and technology limitations,ChatGPT faces notable deficiencies in land use planning and design,and it cannot perform automatic or autonomous planning,indicating areas for future enhancement.