刺参中铝的赋存形态分析

Analysis of aluminum occurrence forms in Stichopus japonicus

目的明确刺参中铝的赋存形态。方法以黄渤海最负盛名的刺参为研究对象,采用海水、饲料两种染毒途径对刺参不同组织中铝赋存形态分布进行分析,并基于不同地区鲜活刺参、刺参制品以及饲料粉与饲料海泥中铝赋存形态数据对刺参中铝的蓄积特征进行解析。结果优化条件后选择浸提液体积10 mL、浸提时间2.0 h、浸提液浓度(盐酸溶液1.0 mol/L,氢氧化钠溶液0.5 mol/L)进行检测;刺参体壁、纵肌、呼吸树和消化道中铝均以难溶态为主,消化道和呼吸树是刺参吸收铝的主要器官,消化道和呼吸树中水溶态铝、酸溶态铝、碱溶态铝的含量占比高于纵肌和体壁;不同地区刺参中总铝含量差距较大。结论饲料是刺参体内铝的主要来源;可溶态的铝在刺参水煮、浸泡等加工过程中损失较多,同时难溶态铝含量也有所下降,因此评价刺参中铝的食用安全性时需考虑刺参的食用方式。本研究可为保障刺参的质量安全,促进刺参产业的健康可持续发展,保障人民的身体健康提供技术支持。

Objective To clarify the occurrence forms of aluminum in Stichopus japonicus.Methods This study took the most famous Stichopus japonicus in the Yellow and Bohai Seas as the research object,the distribution of aluminum occurrence forms in different tissues of Stichopus japonicus was analyzed using seawater and feed,and the accumulation characteristics of aluminum in Stichopus japonicus were analyzed based on the data of aluminum occurrence forms in fresh Stichopus japonicus,Stichopus japonicus products,feed powder,and feed sea mud from different regions.Results After optimized conditions,the extraction liquid volume was 10 mL,the extraction time was 2 h,and the extraction liquid concentration(hydrochloric acid solution 1.0 mol/L,sodium hydroxide solution 0.5 mol/L)was selected for detection.Aluminum in the body wall,longitudinal muscle,respiratory tree,and digestive tract of Stichopus japonicus was mainly insoluble,and the digestive tract and respiratory tree were the main organs for Stichopus japonicus to absorb aluminum;the content of water-soluble aluminum,acid-soluble aluminum and alkali-soluble aluminum in digestive tract and respiratory tree were higher than those in longitudinal muscle and body wall.The total aluminum content in Stichopus japonicus varies greatly in different regions.Conclusion Feed is the main source of aluminum in Stichopus japonicus.Soluble aluminum is lost more during the processing of Stichopus japonicus such as boiling and soaking,and the content of insoluble aluminum also decreases.Therefore,when evaluating the edible safety of aluminum in Stichopus japonicus,the consumption method of Stichopus japonicus shall be considered.This study can provide technical support for ensuring the quality and safety of Stichopus japonicus,promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the Stichopus japonicus industry,and ensuring the physical health of the people.