冬季运动中低温损伤的发生与处理

The Occurrence and Management of Hypothermia Injuries in Winter Sports

我国现代冰雪运动起步较晚,人们普遍缺乏关于冬季运动低温损伤防治的知识。低温损伤常见于冬季户外运动项目,一般以预防为主,低温损伤如果得不到正确的现场处理,严重时可能危及生命。为此,根据不同冬季运动项目可能发生的低温损伤类型,研究系统梳理了冻伤、非结冻性损伤、失温,以及冷休克、雪盲症、低温结合低氧损伤等其他风险症状,并提出相应的预防及现场处理原则。由于冬季运动低温损伤的预防和处理策略尚未形成共识,建议相关人员充分根据运动环境、专项特点、低温损伤分类等实际情况,选择适当的预防及处理措施;而关于冷习服训练、低温与缺氧交互效应等课题可以作为未来的研究方向。研究旨在为教练员、运动员、科研医务人员、赛事主办方和业余爱好者等提供全面的低温损伤预防与处理指南,保障人们更安全地参与冰雪运动。

As modern ice and snow sports in China have developed relatively recently,and there is a general lack of knowledge about the prevention and treatment of hypothermia injuries in winter sports.Hypothermia injuries are commonly seen in winter outdoor sports programs,and prevention is generally the mainstay.This paper systematically reviews different types of cold injuries associated with various winter sports,including frostbite,non-freezing cold injuries,hypothermia,cold shock,snow blindness,and combined low-temperature and hypoxia injuries,and provides corresponding prevention and first-aid principles.Since no consensus has been reached on the prevention and treatment strategies of hypothermia in winter sports,it is suggested that the relevant personnel should choose appropriate prevention and treatment measures according to the actual situation of the sports environment,special characteristics,and classification of hypothermia injuries,etc.But the topics of training in cold suits and the interaction effect between hypothermia and hypoxia can be used as the direction of the future research,which is aimed at providing comprehensive information on hypothermia for the coaches,athletes,scientific researchers and medical staffs,tournament organizers,and amateur enthusiasts.The aim is to provide coaches,athletes,researchers and medical personnel,event organizers and amateurs with comprehensive guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypothermia,so as to ensure people's safer participation in ice and snow sports.