布鲁氏菌病的防治方法研究进展

Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment of Brucellosis

布鲁氏菌病(马尔他热、地中海弛张热或波状热)是由布鲁氏菌(Brucella)感染引起的一种慢性、全身性的传染性疾病,是我国重点防控的人兽共患传染病之一。近年来,因反刍动物数量增加、动物产品流通频繁和防疫措施执行不到位等原因,导致多地布鲁氏菌病的患病率呈上升趋势。布鲁氏菌病传染性强、危害性大、多重耐药性日趋严重且感染后根治困难,给我国养殖行业带来了巨大的经济损失,同时也对人类健康造成威胁。因此,合理使用生物制品和抗菌药物进行布鲁氏菌病的预防和治疗,对养殖业经济发展、兽医公共卫生和人类健康均具有重要意义。本文探讨了现阶段预防布鲁氏菌病的各类疫苗类型和特点,并对其优缺点进行对比和总结;同时,对治疗布鲁氏菌病的多种联合用药方案、新型抗菌药物和其他辅助治疗方法的相关研究现状进行概述,提出了未来布鲁氏菌病的防治研究方向,以期为我国布鲁氏菌病的防治提供参考。

Brucellosis(Malta fever,Mediterranean relapsing fever,or undulant fever)is a chronic,systemic infectious disease caused by infection with Brucella.It is one of the zoonotic infectious diseases that is a key focus for prevention and control in China.In recent years,the incidence of brucellosis has been increasing in various regions due to factors such as the growing population of ruminants,frequent circulation of animal products,and inadequate implementation of epidemic prevention measures.Brucellosis is highly contagious,poses significant harm,and is becoming increasingly resistant to multiple drugs,making post-infection treatment challenging.It has caused substantial economic losses to the animal husbandry industry in China and also poses a threat to human health.Therefore,the rational use of biological products and antibacterial drugs for the prevention and treatment of brucellosis is of great significance for the economic development of animal husbandry,veterinary public health,and human health.This article discusses various vaccine types and their characteristics used for the prevention of brucellosis and compares and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages.Additionally,it reviews research on various combination drug therapies,new antimicrobial agents,and other auxiliary treatment methods for the treatment of brucellosis,proposing future directions for the study of brucellosis prevention and control,with the goal of providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of brucellosis in China.