银川市非平衡保温居住建筑朝向及围护结构保温设计研究

Orientation and Envelope Thermal Insulation Design of Unbalanced Thermal Insulation Residential Buildings in Yinchuan City

基于非平衡保温理论,以银川市居住建筑为例,利用计算机模拟软件,对南偏东20°至西偏南20°朝向范围内的居住建筑全年太阳能辐射强度进行了模拟分析。基于结果分别对各朝向建筑进行了基准传热系数为0.45的平衡和非平衡保温设计,通过对各朝向建筑的全年能耗结果进行对比分析和数值拟合计算得到了两种保温结构下建筑的最佳朝向关系,以及银川市非平衡保温居住建筑的最佳朝向,并以该朝向为基础利用单因素变量法探究了各朝向窗墙比以及外窗和屋面的传热系数对非平衡保温及建筑能耗的影响,得到了银川市非平衡保温居住建筑的最佳窗墙比组合,以及非平衡保温居住建筑围护结构保温设计与建筑能耗之间的关系。结果表明:银川市平衡和非平衡保温居住建筑的最佳朝向之间并无明显差别,均为南偏西8°左右且各朝向建筑全年总能耗受供冷能耗影响较大。窗墙比和屋面及外窗的传热系数对建筑能耗影响的偏重点不同,其分别通过影响建筑的供冷和供暖能耗进而对总能耗造成影响,并且对建筑总能耗影响最明显的分别是北向窗墙比和南向外窗传热系数。为实现建筑总能耗最小,银川市非平衡保温居住建筑各朝向窗墙比的最佳组合可取东向0.2、西向0.2、南向0.4、北向0.15。

Based on the theory of unbalanced thermal insulation,the annual solar radiation intensity of residential buildings in Yinchuan within the range of 20°south by east to 20°south by west orientation is simulated.According to the results,balanced and unbalanced insulation designs with a baseline heat transfer coefficient of 0.45 are carried out for buildings facing each direction,through comparative analysis and numerical fitting calculations on the annual energy consumption results of buildings with different orientations,the optimal orientation of buildings with two insulation structures is obtained,as well as the optimal orientation of residential buildings with unbalanced insulation in Yinchuan.Then the single factor variable method is applied to explore the effects of window-to-wall ratios in various orientations,as well as the heat transfer coefficients of external windows and roofs,on both unbalanced insulation and building energy consumption.The optimal window-to-wall ratio combination for local residential buildings with unbalanced thermal insulation is obtained,and the relationship between thermal insulation design of the envelope and energy consumption.The results show that there is no obvious difference between the optimal orientation of balanced and unbalanced thermal insulation residential buildings locally,which is about south by west 8°,and the total annual energy consumption of the buildings in each orientation is greatly affected by the energy consumption of cooling.The influence of the window-to-wall ratio,heat transfer coefficient of roof and external window on building energy consumption varies through affecting the cooling and heating energy consumption respectively.The most significant influence on the total energy consumption of buildings is the northward window-to-wall ratio and the southward external window heat transfer coefficient.To achieve the minimum total energy consumption of buildings,the optimal combination of window-to-wall ratios for unbalanced insulated residential buildings in Yinchuan can be taken as follows:0.2 in the east and west directions,0.4 in the south direction,and 0.15 in the north direction.