行政法上人格权保障的困境与出路

Dilemma and Solution to the Protection of Personality Rights in Administrative Law

《民法典》人格权编中存在数条涉行政性规范,这些条款对我国法治政府建设提出了更高层面的要求,即保障公民在行政法律关系中的人格权利。结合人格尊严的宪法依据、行政法治内涵体系性扩充和社会现实需求的视角来看,保障公民行政法上人格权具有切实必要。通过考察行政审判案例,在相对人起诉行政机关侵犯人格权的案件中,其诉求往往难以得到实现。人格权相关法律规范的局限性和传统行政行为形式论的自我封闭性,使得行政法上人格权保障的相关规范供给存在体系性短缺,这是导致我国行政法上人格权保障机制显著不足的根本原因。在公私法互动交融的理论背景下,证成《民法典》涉行政性规范的功能价值,对保障行政法上人格权具有重要的现实意义。同时,正在拟制中的行政法典应当设置专章对行政权利作出规定,以实现公民权利的系统性保障。

The personality rights section of The Civil Code encompasses numerous administrative norms,which underscore an elevated standard for fostering a law-based governance system in China.These provisions aim to safeguard citizens′personality rights within the framework of administrative legal relationships.Amid the constitutional pillar of human dignity,the expanding scope of administrative law,and prevailing societal demands,safeguarding personality rights within administrative law becomes imperative.Upon scrutinizing administrative trial cases,it becomes evident that when individuals sue administrative bodies for infringement of their personality rights,their claims often encounter challenges.This stems primarily from limitations inherent in legal norms pertaining to personality rights and traditional administrative practices,coupled with a scarcity of normative provisions specifically addressing the protection of personality rights in administrative law.This normative deficit underpins the notable inadequacy of China′s administrative law mechanism for safeguarding personality rights.In the theoretical landscape marked by the interplay and convergence of public and private law,it is of great practical significance to prove the functional value of the administrative norms in The Civil Code for safeguarding the personality rights in the administrative law.At the same time,The Administrative Code under preparation should incorporate a dedicated chapter outlining administrative rights,thereby facilitating a systematic approach to the protection of civil rights.