关税和本土认同下两竞争供应链定价及利润弹性

Competitive strategies among supply chains considering tariff and local identity of consumers

考虑关税和消费者本土认同因素,构建2个制造商为Stackelberg主导者的2条供应链竞争博弈模型,研究其最优定价策略,分析关税和消费者本土认同对供应链利润弹性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着关税的增加,国内制造商批发价格降低,而零售商1销售价格、国外制造商批发价格和零售商2的销售价格提高;随着消费者本土认同意识的增强,2条链各成员定价都提高,且当消费者本土认同意识较弱时,产品A较于产品B更具有价格优势。(2)随着关税的增加,国内制造商和零售商1的利润减少,国外制造商和零售商2的利润增加,而关税变动对消费者剩余的影响与消费者本土认同意识的强弱有关;随着消费者本土认同意识增强,2条链各成员利润都增加,而消费者本土认同意识变动对消费者剩余的影响与关税税率高低有关。(3)当本土认同意识较弱(关税税率较低)时,跨国供应链成员利润弹性大于国外本土供应链成员利润弹性,即跨国供应链成员利润对关税税率(本土认同意识)变动更加敏感;适当增强消费者本土认同能适当减小关税税率上涨给跨国供应链各成员带来的损失,同时不会给国外本土供应链本身带来损失。

Considering the factors of tariff and local identity of consumers,a competitive game model of two supply chains with two manufacturers as Stackelberg leaders is constructed,studies the optimal pricing strategies of two competitive supply chains are studied,and the influence of tariff and local identity of consumers on the profit elasticity of supply chains is analyzed.The results show that:(1)with the increase of tariffs,the wholesale price of domestic manufacturers decreases,while the sales price of retailer 1,the wholesale price of foreign manufacturers and the sales price of retailer 2 increase;with the enhancement of consumers'awareness of local identity,the pricing of each member of the two chains increases,and when consumers'awareness of local identity is weak,product A has more price advantage than product B.(2)With the increase of tariffs,the profits of domestic manufacturers and retailers 1 decrease,while the profits of foreign manufacturers and retailers 2 increase,and the impact of tariff changes on consumer surplus is related to the strength of consumers'local identity consciousness;with the enhancement of consumers'awareness of local identity,the profits of each member of the two chains increase,and the impact of changes in consumers'awareness of local identity on consumer surplus is related to the level of tariff rate.(3)When the local identity consciousness is weak(the tariff rate is low),the profit elasticity of multinational supply chain members is greater than that of foreign local supply chain members,that is,the profits of multinational supply chain members are more sensitive to the change of tariff rate(local identity consciousness);properly enhancing consumers local identity can slightly slow down the losses caused by the rising tariff rate to the members of transnational supply chains,without causing damage to foreign local supply chains themselves.