档案叙事与共情:理论阐释与实证分析

Archival Narrative and Empathy:Theoretical Interpretation and Empirical Research

档案叙事是档案叙事者基于特定的背景,面向特定的受叙者,围绕特定的主题,对档案及其内容进行选择、组织、呈现,以传达特定意义的行为和过程,其实质是档案叙事者和受叙者围绕档案叙事文本形成的互动。好的档案叙事应是能引发受叙者共情的叙事,受叙者的共情也会促使他们实施亲档案馆行为。根据互动仪式链理论,档案叙事引发共情包括共同在场、互动、共情等阶段,而档案叙事者的身份、档案叙事文本的故事和话语、受叙者自身经历及其所处社会文化背景等都会对共情的促发产生影响。档案馆如果要增强档案叙事引发共情的效果,需具备叙事思维、聚焦故事内容和话语形式写好档案叙事文本、邀请事件亲历者和受叙者参与档案叙事,并着力营造通感档案叙事场域。

Archival narrative is the behavior and process that the archival narrator,based on a specific background and around a specific theme,selects,organizes and presents archives and their contents to convey a specific meaning to specific recipients.Its essence is the interaction between archival narrator and the recipients.A good archival narrative should be the one that can trigger its recipients'empathy,which will also motivate the recipients to implement pro-archival behaviors.According to the theory of interactive ritual chain,the process of archival narrative triggering empathy includes the stages of copresence,interaction,and empathy,and the identity of the archival narrator,the stories and discourses of the archival narrative text,the recipients'own experiences and the socio-cultural background would have an impact on the triggering of empathy.If archives intend to enhance the empathetic effect of archival narrative,they need to have a narrative mindset,to write a good archival narrative text,to invite the witnesses and recipients to participate in the archival narrative,and to make efforts to create an empathetic archival narrative field.