广东闽语多功能词“放”——内部演变与外部接触共现的个案

The multifunctional fang(放)in Guangdong Min dialects:A case study on the coexistence of internal evolution and external contact

据现有研究,福建闽语并无多功能词“放”,广东闽语“放”的多功能特征表现则非常突出。本文自东向西,以广东东部潮州、中部中山、西部茂名三地闽语为考察对象,通过田野调查,全面描写三地闽语“放”的多功能特征,并对这种多功能特征的形成机制进行考证。研究表明,广东闽语多功能词“放”的形成既有语义沾染特征,又体现动词向介词演变的多重语法化路径,同时兼具方言、民族语接触的实体借贷、模式借贷发展脉络。对广东闽语多功能词“放”的功能分布与形成机制的考证,是运用语法化理论及语言接触视角观察方言语法现象的有效个案。广东闽语多功能词“放”的分布特征与形成机制亦对同处于多语多方言地带的其他多功能词形成模式研究具有参考价值。

According to current researches,the multifunctional word fang(放)which does not exists in Fujian Min dialects is notably prominent in Guangdong Min dialects.Based on data collected from fieldworks,this paper describes the multiple functions of fang in Chaozhou,Zhongshan and Maoming of eastern,central and western Guangdong province respectively,and explores the mechanism behind.The analysis suggests that,various factors including semantic contamination,multiple paths of grammaticalization of deverbal prepositions,and the language contact with other dialects are involved in the occurrence of multifunctional fang.This study of fang manifest that perspectives from both theoretical analysis and language contact should be combined in the studies of multifuntional words used in multilingual areas.