食管癌病人术后自我管理效能感潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

Latent profile analysis and influencing factors of self-efficacy among postoperative patients with esophageal neoplasm

目的:探究食管癌病人术后自我管理效能感的潜在类别,分析不同类别的影响因素。方法:2023年1月—2024年3月选取广东省3所三级甲等医院435例食管癌术后病人为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版癌症自我管理效能感量表对其进行调查,对食管癌病人术后自我管理效能感的特征进行潜在剖面分析,采用无序多分类Logistic回归探讨相关人口学因素、疾病与治疗因素的影响。结果:潜在剖面分析将食管癌病人术后自我管理效能感分为3个潜在类别,分别定义为低自我管理效能感组(44.1%,C1组)、中自我管理效能感-较低主动努力组(18.6%,C2组)和高自我管理效能感-中主动努力组(37.3%,C3组)。回归分析显示,年龄、家庭关系、术前新辅助治疗、术前合并症、经济负担为自我管理效能感潜在剖面分类的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:食管癌病人术后自我管理效能感存在3种潜在类别,术后护理干预应注重识别病人异质性,按病人类别开展针对性健康行为干预措施,有助于提高病人生活质量,重拾自我管理信心。

Objective:To explore the latent classifications of postoperative self-efficacy in esophageal cancer patients and to analyze the influencing factors of different classes.Methods:A total of 435 postoperative esophageal cancer patients in three hospitals in Guangdong Province were selected as the research objects from January 2023 to March 2024.The research tools included general information questionnaire and Chinese version of SUPPH,Latent profile analysis was conducted on self-efficacy for postoperative esophageal cancer patients,and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of each latent classifications.Results:The self-efficacy in esophageal cancer patients could be divided into low self-efficacy group(44.1%,C 1 group),moderate self-efficacy and low active effort group(18.6%,C 2 group),high self-efficacy and moderate active effort group(37.3%,C 3 group).Regression analysis showed that age group,family relationship,preoperative neoadjuvant therapy,preoperative comorbidities,and economic burden were influencing factors of the latent profile classification of self-efficacy(P<0.05).Conclusions:There are three latent classifications of postoperative self-efficacy in esophageal cancer patients.Post-operative nursing interventions should prioritize identifying patient heterogeneity and implementing targeted health behavior interventions based on these classifications.This approach is instrumental in enhancing patients quality of life and restoring their confidence in self management.