江苏射阳小型出生队列新生儿脐带血清中全氟和多氟烷基化合物水平及其影响因素

Levels and influencing factors of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances in umbilical cord serum from Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study,Jiangsu Province

[背景]全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFAS)是一类生态环境中广泛存在的新污染物,对人体具有多器官毒性作用。评估脐带血清中PFAS的暴露水平及影响因素,可为研究PFAS暴露对母婴健康的影响和风险管控提供科学依据。[目的]评估新生儿脐带血清中PFAS暴露负荷水平及其影响因素。[方法]基于2009年建立的射阳小型出生队列中的母婴数据库和脐带血样本库,使用课题组自行设计的问卷收集孕妇的社会人口学信息、孕期居住环境和生活方式等信息,应用超高效液相色谱高分辨质谱仪检测1097份新生儿脐带血清中PFAS的质量浓度(后称浓度),采用多元线性回归模型分析脐带血清中PFAS暴露水平的影响因素。[结果]脐带血清中共检出38种PFAS,包括20种全氟羧酸类(PFCA)、14种全氟磺酸类(PFSA)和4种其他类型PFAS。有14种PFAS检出率在50%以上,其中全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟壬酸(PFNA)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟癸酸(PFDA)和全氟十一烷酸(PFUdA)的检出率为99.18%~100.00%,PFOA和6∶2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸(6∶2 CI-PFESA)的中位浓度高于其他化合物,分别为3.76μg·L^(-1)和2.61μg·L^(-1)。脐带血清PFAS之间呈不同程度的相关(r=0.0911~0.8429,P<0.05),其中PFHxS与全氟庚烷磺酸(PFHpS)(r=0.8429,P<0.05)、PFOS与PFHpS(r=0.7012,P<0.05)、PFUdA与全氟十二烷酸(PFDoA)(r=0.7875,P<0.05)之间呈强相关。PFCA类和PFSA类化合物在脐带血清中的占比分别为60.1%和38.4%。PFOA和6∶2 Cl-PFESA是脐血清中最主要的2种化合物,占比分别为37.8%和19.3%。脐血清中不同类型的PFAS浓度与孕期母亲的年龄、产次、受教育水平、孕周、职业等人口学信息的关联不尽相同。多元线性回归分析结果发现:脐带血清中8种PFAS(PFHxS、PFHpS、PFNA、PFOS、PFDA、PFUdA、PFDoA和6∶2 CI-PFESA)的浓度在年龄≥25岁的孕妇中低于年龄<25岁的孕妇;与受教育水平在初中及以下的孕妇相比,受教育水平在高中及以上的孕妇全氟庚酸(PFHpA)的浓度较低;脐带血清PFHpA的浓度与家庭年收入呈负相关;经产的孕妇PFNA、PFUdA和PFDoA的浓度高于初产的孕妇;与职业为体力劳动者的母亲相比,母亲是脑力劳动者的脐带血清中全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)浓度更低,在其他职业类型的母亲中PFBS和PFOA的浓度较低,而全氟十三烷酸(PFTrDA)和8∶2氯代多氟烷基醚磺酸(8∶2 CI-PFESA)较高;脐带血清PFOA、PFOS、PFUdA和PFDoA的浓度均与孕妇的孕周呈正相关,而N-甲基全氟辛烷磺酰胺乙酸(NMeFOSAA)则与孕周呈负相关;PFTrDA与新生儿的出生体重呈负相关;而相较于孕期增重不足者,孕期增重充足者的PFDoA较低,而孕期增重过量者的N-MeFOSAA较高。[结论]研究地区的母婴体内广泛暴露于多种PFAS,PFOA和6∶2 CI-PFESA是脐血清中2种最主要的化合物,新生儿体内的PFAS浓度水平与孕期母亲的人口学信息有关,未来研究需要关注PFAS的替代品等新型污染物。

[Background]Perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),a large group of emerging pollutants,are ubiquitous in the ecological environment.Their multiple organ toxic effects on human body are reported.Understanding the exposure level of PFAS in cord serum and associated influencing factors can provide scientific evidence for studying maternal and newborn health effects and risk regulation.[Objective]To explore the exposure levels of PFAS in cord serum and potential impact factors.[Methods]This study was based on the maternal and infant database and the cord serum sample bank of the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study(SMBCS)established in 2009.A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics,living environment,and lifestyle of mothers during pregnancy.A total of 1097 cord serum samples were measured utilizing ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry.Multiple linear regression models were used to identify influencing factors related to PFAS exposure level in cord serum.[Results]A total of 38 types of PFAS were detected in the cord serum samples,including 20 perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCA),14 perfluorosulfonic acids(PFSA),and 4 other types of PFAS.The detection rates of 14 PFAS compounds were above 50%.The detection rates of perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonic acid(PFHxS),perfluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid(PFOS),perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA),perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),perfluorodecanoic acid(PFDA),and perfluoroundecanoic acid(PFUdA)were in the range of 99.18%-100.00%.The median concentrations of PFOA and 6∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid(6∶2CI-PFESA)were higher than those of the other compounds,which were 3.76µg·L^(-1)and 2.61µg·L^(-1),respectively.The correlation coefficients among cord serum PFAS were in the wide range of 0.0911-0.8429(P<0.05).The associations between PFHxS and perfluoro-1-heptanesulfonic acid(PFHpS)(r=0.8429,P<0.05),PFOS and PFHpS(r=0.7012,P<0.05),and PFUdA and perfluorododecanoic acid(PFDoA)(r=0.7875,P<0.05)were positive.The proportions of PFCA and PFSA in the cord serum samples were 60.1%and 38.4%,respectively.PFOA and 6∶2 Cl-PFESA were the predominant compounds in the cord serum samples,whose proportions were 37.8%and 19.3%,respectively.The concentrations of specific types of cord serum PFAS had varied associations with the following demographic variables of pregnant women:age,parity,education level,gestational age,and occupation.The multiple linear regression analysis found that the concentrations of 8 PFAS(PFHxS,PFHpS,PFNA,PFOS,PFDA,PFUdA,PFDoA,and 6∶2 CI-PFESA)in umbilical cord serum were lower in pregnant women aged 25 years and older than in those under the age of 25 years;compared to pregnant women with education levels at or below junior middle school,those with education levels at or above high school had lower concentrations of perfluoroheptanoic acid(PFHpA);the concentration of PFHpA in cord serum was negatively correlated with household annual income;multiparous women had higher concentrations of PFNA,PFUdA,and PFDoA than primiparous women;compared to mothers engaged in manual labor,the concentration of perfluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid(PFBS)in umbilical cord serum was lower in mothers engaged in mental labor,while the concentrations of PFBS and PFOA were lower and the concentrations of perfluorotridecanoic acid(PFTrDA)and 8∶2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid(8∶2CI-PFESA)were higher in mothers of other occupational types;the concentrations of umbilical cord serum PFOA,PFOS,PFUdA,and PFDoA were positively correlated with the gestational age of pregnant women,while N-methylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido acetic acid(N-MeFOSAA)was negatively correlated with the gestational age of pregnant women;PFTrDA was negatively correlated with the birth weight of newborns;compared with those with insufficient gestational weight gain,those with adequate gestational weight gain had lower PFDoA,while those with excess gestational weight gain had higher N-MeFOSAA.[Conclusion]PFAS compounds exposure is common in the mothers and infants in the study area.PFOA and 6∶2 CI-PFESA are the two main compounds in cord serum.Cord serum PFAS are associated with several demographic characteristics of the pregnant women.Future research needs to pay more attention to PFAS alternatives and other emerging contaminants.