明代南京六部尚书任职的初步量化研究

A Preliminary Quantitative Study on the Tenure of the Six Ministries of Nanjing during the Ming Dynasty

南京六部尚书是明代两京制下留都文官的最高层级,其中南兵尚书尤为留都治理核心。但长时段考察下,南京六部尚书群体缺官乃是常态,统计显示各部平均缺官时间约为46.57年,位居核心的南兵尚书缺官时间最低。在选用上,南京六部尚书的籍贯分布更具南方性,但紧要之南兵、南户却属异类,在“北偏北、南偏南”的整体格局下,二部平衡更近于北户、北兵,这种反差折射出南京六部尚书兼具中央职官与地方职官双重属性,究其实质乃是国家治理与地方治理的不同层级考量与客观需求。

The Six Ministers of Nanjing were the highest level of civil officials in the secondary capital during the Ming Dynasty under the dual-capital system,with the Minister of Southern Military being particularly central to the governance.However,a"longue durée"examination reveals that the shortage of Ministers of Nanjing was the norm,with statistics showing an average vacancy period of about 46.57 years,and the position for Minister of Southern Military,being at the core,had the shortest vacancy period.In terms of native place,the geographical distribution of the Six Ministers of Nanjing was more southern-oriented,but the critical Southern Military and Southern Revenue Ministers were exceptions.Under the overall pattern of"more northern in the north,more southern in the south",the hometowns of the two ministry officials were distributed more evenly,resembling that of the Northern Revenue and Northern Military Ministers.This contrast reflects the dual characters of the Six Ministers of Nanjing as both central and local officials,essentially highlighting the different levels of consideration and objective needs between national governance and local governance.