特高压输电对城市绿色发展的赋能效应

Empowering effect of ultra-high voltage transmission on urban green development

【目的】特高压“新基建”优化了中国电能结构和电力资源的合理配置,为经济的绿色转型注入持续动力。本文旨在探究特高压工程带来的绿色发展效应,为推动能源消费结构优化,助力构建新型能源体系提供理论依据与政策建议。【方法】本文将特高压工程作为准自然实验,基于2003—2019年中国278个地级及以上城市的面板数据,采用双重差分模型考察电能跨区输送对城市经济发展和污染减排的影响与作用机制。【结果】(1)特高压工程显著推动了区域经济发展,并且降低污染排放。(2)机制检验表明,特高压工程能够通过提高区域创新水平、优化产业结构以及对煤炭和火电产生替代效应实现经济发展与污染减排。(3)异质性分析表明,特高压工程对东部区域和电能输入区的经济发展与污染减排都有积极作用,但是在中西部区域和电能输出区只产生了减排效益;相比于火电输送,特高压工程对清洁电能输送更有利于推动经济发展与污染减排;特高压直流工程对经济发展与污染减排的促进作用要强于特高压交流工程。(4)空间溢出效应表明,特高压输电能够带动邻近城市经济发展,并降低污染排放。【结论】因此应综合考虑特高压输电技术发展,以及地区能源资源禀赋和经济社会发展状况等问题,持续推进特高压工程建设;同时加强局部区域电网建设,提升绿色电能的使用价值。

[Objective] The ultra-high voltage(UHV) “new infrastructure development” optimizes the power structure and rational allocation of power resources in China,and injects sustainable impetus into the green transformation of the economy.This study aimed to explore the green development effect brought by UHV projects,and provide a theoretical basis and policy suggestions for promoting the optimization of energy consumption structure and helping to build a new energy system.[Methods] Based on the panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2019,this study used the difference-in-differences model to investigate the effect and mechanism of trans-regional electric power transmission on urban economic development and pollution reduction.[Results](1) Ultra-high voltage projects significantly promoted regional economic development and reduced pollution emissions.(2) Mechanism test showed that UHV projects can achieve economic development and pollution reduction by improving regional innovation levels,optimizing industrial structure,and generating substitution effects on coal and thermal power.(3) Heterogeneity analyses showed that UHV projects had positive effects on economic development and pollution reduction in the eastern region and the power input region,but only produced emission reduction benefits in the central and western regions and the power output regions.Compared with thermal power transmission,UHV projects are more conducive to promoting economic development and pollution reduction for clean energy transmission.Ultrahigh voltage DC projects had a stronger role in promoting economic development and pollution reduction than UHV AC projects.(4) Spatial spillover effect analysis showed that UHV transmission can promote the economic development of neighboring cities and reduce pollution emissions.[Conclusion] Therefore,the development of UHV transmission technology,regional energy resource endowment,and economic and social development should be comprehensively considered to continuously promote the construction of UHV projects.At the same time,China should strengthen the construction of regional power grids and enhance the use value of green energy.