数字技术创新对中国城市能源结构优化的影响——基于偏向型技术进步的视角

The impact of digital technology innovation on the optimization of energy structure of Chinese cities:From the perspective of factor-biased technological progress

【目的】本文从偏向型技术进步视角分析数字技术创新对能源结构优化的影响,为数字技术创新赋能能源结构绿色转型提供科学依据。【方法】采用Acemoglu的两要素偏向型技术进步对收入差距分析的理论框架,构建了清洁能源和非清洁能源两要素的偏向型技术进步对能源结构优化的数理模型,提出了数字技术创新影响能源结构优化的理论假说;采用2006—2021年中国275个地级及以上城市的面板数据,利用固定效应模型、工具变量法对理论假说进行实证检验。【结果】(1)数字技术创新能够显著促进能源结构优化,且这种促进效应在经过稳健性和内生性检验后依旧显著成立;(2)机制检验表明,在清洁能源和非清洁能源之间,数字技术创新能够通过促进清洁能源偏向型技术进步推动能源结构优化,尤其表现为在清洁电力能源和化石能源之间,数字技术创新能够通过促进清洁电力能源偏向型技术进步推动能源结构优化;(3)异质性检验表明,数字技术创新对能源结构优化的促进效应在资源匮乏城市和非老工业基地城市显著,而在资源丰裕城市和老工业基地城市不显著;在政府环境关注度高的城市和低碳试点城市显著,而在政府环境关注度低和非低碳试点城市不显著。【结论】要加快数字技术创新在清洁能源领域的渗透、融合和应用,深化不同城市间的数字技术协同创新合作,均衡能源供给与需求。

[Objective] This paper analyzed the impact of digital technology innovation(DTI) on optimizing the energy structure(OES) from the perspective of factor-biased technological progress(FBTP),providing scientific evidence for enabling the green transition of the energy structure through DTI.[Methods] By using Acemoglu's theoretical framework for analyzing income inequality with two-factor biased technological progress,the paper constructed a mathematical model to examine how biased technological progress in clean energy and non-clean energy affects the OES.Then we proposed a theoretical hypothesis on how DTI influences the OES.Based on the panel data of 275 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2006 to 2021,the fixed effect model and instrumental variable method were used to test the theoretical hypothesis.[Results](1)Digital technology innovation can significantly promote the OES,and this positive effect is still significant after the robustness and endogeneity tests;(2) Mechanism test showed that,between clean energy and non-clean energy,DTI can stimulate the OES by promoting the clean energy-biased technological progress.Particularly,between clean electric energy and fossil energy,DTI can promote the OES by driving clean electric power-biased technological progress;(3)Heterogeneity test showed that the promotional effect of DTI on the OES was significant in resource-poor cities and non-old industrial base cities,but it was not significant in resource-abundant cities and old industrial base cities.The promotional effect of DTI on the OES was significant in cities of high governmental environmental concern and low-carbon pilot cities,but it was not significant in cities of low governmental environmental concern and non-low-carbon pilot cities.[Conclusion] It is necessary to accelerate the penetration,integration,and application of DTI in the field of clean energy,and deepen collaborative innovation efforts of digital technology among different cities to help balance energy supply and demand.